Wave front engineering from an array of thin aperture antennas

Kang, Ming; Feng, Tianhua; Wang, Hui-Tian; Li, Jensen

doi:10.1364/oe.20.015882

Cited by 327 publications

(208 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Given an incident wave of right/left circular polarization E R/L I , the scattered light from the anisotropic scatterer in the forward direction E R/L T can then be written as [45]:…”

Section: Metasurfaces Based On Pancharatnam-berry Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its phase can cover the entire 2π range if the anisotropic scatterer is rotated from 0 to 180 • . Based on this principle, a phase-gradient metasurface has been demonstrated to steer light into different directions depending on the handedness of the incident circular polarization (see figure 4(a)) [45]. The unit cell of the metasurface consists of U-shaped aperture antennas with an incremental angle of rotation between adjacent elements, with the total rotation angle being 180 • within the unit cell.…”

Section: Metasurfaces Based On Pancharatnam-berry Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The unit cell of the metasurface consists of U-shaped aperture antennas with an incremental angle of rotation between adjacent elements, with the total rotation angle being 180 • within the unit cell. Similar U-shaped aperture antennas have been used to create a planar lens, which either functions as a focusing or diverging lens depending on the handedness of the incident circular polarization [45], as shown in figure 4(b). A broadband phase plate generating optical vortex beams has been demonstrated by using an array of rod antennas with different orientations (figure 4(c) and (d)) [46].…”

Section: Metasurfaces Based On Pancharatnam-berry Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A review of metasurfaces: physics and applications

2016

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Abstract. Metamaterials are composed of periodic subwavelength metal/dielectric structures that resonantly couple to the electric and/or magnetic components of the incident electromagnetic fields, exhibiting properties that not found in nature. This class of micro-and nano-structured artificial media have attracted great interest during the past 15 years and yielded ground-breaking electromagnetic and photonic phenomena. However, the high losses and strong dispersion associated with the resonant responses and the use of metallic structures, as well as the difficulty in fabricating the micro-and nanoscale 3D structures, have hindered practical applications of metamaterials. Planar metamaterials with subwavelength thickness, or metasurfaces, consisting of single-layer or few-layer stacks of planar structures can be readily fabricated using lithography and nanoprinting methods, and the ultrathin thickness in the wave propagation direction can greatly suppress the undesirable losses. Metasurfaces enable a spatially varying optical response (e.g., scattering amplitude, phase, and polarization), mold optical wavefronts into shapes that can be designed at will, and facilitate the integration of functional materials to accomplish active control and greatly enhanced nonlinear response. This paper reviews recent progress in the physics of metasurfaces operating at wavelengths ranging from microwave to visible. We provide an overview of key metasurface concepts such as anomalous reflection and refraction, and introduce metasurfaces based on the PancharatnamBerry phase and Huygens' metasurfaces, as well as their use in wavefront shaping and beam forming applications, followed by a discussion of polarization conversion in fewlayer metasurfaces and their related properties. An overview of dielectric metasurfaces reveals their ability to realize unique functionalities coupled with Mie resonances and their low ohmic losses. We also describe metasurfaces for wave guidance and radiation control, as well as active and nonlinear metasurfaces. Finally, we conclude by providing our opinions of future developments in this rapidly developing research field.

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“…Given an incident wave of right/left circular polarization E R/L I , the scattered light from the anisotropic scatterer in the forward direction E R/L T can then be written as [45]:…”

Section: Metasurfaces Based On Pancharatnam-berry Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metasurfaces Based On Pancharatnam-berry Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metasurfaces Based On Pancharatnam-berry Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A review of metasurfaces: physics and applications

2016

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“…10 These phase-shifting, plasmonic nano-antennas also can be used to build optical lenses with surprising properties. [15][16][17] During the preparation of this paper, a conceptual device was proposed independently in the near-infrared (near-IR) spectral range. 18 However, in contrast to conventional nano-antennas shown in Refs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-thin, planar, Babinet-inverted plasmonic metalenses

et al. 2013

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We experimentally demonstrate the focusing of visible light with ultra-thin, planar metasurfaces made of concentrically perforated, 30-nm-thick gold films. The perforated nano-voids-Babinet-inverted (complementary) nano-antennas-create discrete phase shifts and form a desired wavefront of cross-polarized, scattered light. The signal-to-noise ratio in our complementary nano-antenna design is at least one order of magnitude higher than in previous metallic nano-antenna designs. We first study our proof-of-concept 'metalens' with extremely strong focusing ability: focusing at a distance of only 2.5 mm is achieved experimentally with a 4-mm-diameter lens for light at a wavelength of 676 nm. We then extend our work with one of these 'metalenses' and achieve a wavelength-controllable focal length. Optical characterization of the lens confirms that switching the incident wavelength from 676 to 476 nm changes the focal length from 7 to 10 mm, which opens up new opportunities for tuning and spatially separating light at different wavelengths within small, micrometer-scale areas. All the proposed designs can be embedded on-chip or at the end of an optical fiber. The designs also all work for two orthogonal, linear polarizations of incident light.

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“…Both of them are important and necessary to achieve full control on EM wave propagation [23,24]. The electric surface impedance is usually implemented by ultra-thin metallic patterns [4,14,17,18,[25][26][27], whereas the magnetic surface impedance is usually implemented by the metallic loops [7,23,24,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Impedance Synthesis Using Parallel Planar Electric Metasurfaces

Zhu¹

2017

PIER

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Abstract-Metasurfaces, due to its designable surface electric and magnetic impedances, have largely enhanced electromagnetic wave manipulation techniques. The conventional approach to realize the surface magnetic impedance requires non-planar structures, such as metallic loops, which is not easy to fabricate, especially at optical frequencies. In this work, we theoretically and rigorously prove that effective surface magnetic and electric impedances can be obtained using parallel electric metasurfaces. A synthesis method is presented which allows independent designs of surface electric and magnetic impedances. Finally, a polarization converter with high energy efficiency is designed using the proposed impedance synthesis method for verification. The proposed synthesis method is favorable for reducing fabrication complexities.

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Wave front engineering from an array of thin aperture antennas

Cited by 327 publications

References 29 publications

A review of metasurfaces: physics and applications

A review of metasurfaces: physics and applications

Ultra-thin, planar, Babinet-inverted plasmonic metalenses

Surface Impedance Synthesis Using Parallel Planar Electric Metasurfaces

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