Wave Height and Overtopping rate in Relation to the Risk of Falling on Promenade Breakwaters

Takahashi, Shigeo; Endoh, Kimihiko; Muro, Zen-ichirou

doi:10.2208/prooe.9.295

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Similarly, the data by Takahashi et al . [] were measured testing small subjects and, accordingly, low ( U,h ) values. The experimental points by Karvonen et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several experimental investigations in controlled conditions [ Foster and Cox , ; Abt et al ., ; Takahashi et al ., ; Karvonen et al ., ; Yee , ; Jonkman and Penning‐Rowsell , ; Russo et al ., ; Martínez‐Gomariz et al ., ] explored the stability of individuals in flumes or real channels, by measuring the limiting flow depth h and velocity U that allow individuals to maintain control of their position. Complex experimental apparatus and safety equipment are required to test a wide range of flow depths and velocities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using web-based observations to identify thresholds of a person's stability in a flow

2016

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Flood risk assessment and mitigation are important tasks that should take advantage of rational vulnerability models to increase their effectiveness. These models are usually identified through a relevant set of laboratory experiments. However, there is growing evidence that these tests are not fully representative of the variety of conditions that characterize real flood hazard situations. This paper suggests a citizen science‐based and innovative approach to obtain information from web resources for the calibration of people's vulnerability models. A comprehensive study employing commonly used web engines allowed the collection of a wide set of documents showing real risk situations for people impacted by floods, classified according to the stability of the involved subjects. A procedure to extrapolate the flow depth and velocity from the video frames is developed and its reliability is verified by comparing the results with observation. The procedure is based on the statistical distribution of the population height employing a direct uncertainty propagation method. The results complement the experimental literature data and conceptual models. The growing availability of online information will progressively increase the sample size on which the procedure is based and will eventually lead to the identification of a probability surface describing the transition between stability and instability conditions of individuals in a flow.

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“…Similarly, the data by Takahashi et al . [] were measured testing small subjects and, accordingly, low ( U,h ) values. The experimental points by Karvonen et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using web-based observations to identify thresholds of a person's stability in a flow

2016

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“…The theoretical part is mainly carried out through mechanical analysis, which analyzes the forces that the human body may be subjected to in the water one by one, and then the corresponding expressions of the relationship between the flow rate and the depth of the water can be deduced [21,22,25]. Experiments include model experiments and real human body experiments-model experiments have some use of concrete or marble board instead of the real human body, or the use of an equal proportion of the reduced human body model instead of the real human body [19][20][21][22][23][28][29][30][31][32]; in the water, it is washed down or washed away to determine the current conditions for the human body's wading limit, and then corrected according to the model of the ratio scale of the flow rate and depth of the water to get the final human body wading limit. The real experiment for the stability of pedestrians in the flood judgment criteria is mainly obtained through the water impact on standing human body when people in a standing position are washed down or feel that the water flow on the human body is a clear threat, making it possible to judge the depth of water and the flow rate of the human body's wading limit.…”

Section: Existing Human Stability Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Self-Rescue Possibilities for Pedestrians in the Aftermath of Destabilization during a Flood Event

Guo,

Wang,

Fang

et al. 2024

Water

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Human safety is paramount in flood disasters. Current research indicates that the majority of fatalities in such disasters are due to people moving in water. Existing studies on human stability in floods have primarily focused on the static resistance of a standing posture against water flow, neglecting the realistic scenario where people need to move and attempt self-rescue in the aftermath of destabilization. This paper introduces an analysis of the stability during the self-rescue process following a fall in floodwaters, providing insights into the baseline risks of human impact in floods. The self-rescue process is defined as the recovery to a standing position after a fall, segmented into four postures: sitting, kneeling, squatting, and standing. Additionally, considering the significant variability of the current method (D×v water depth multiplied by flow velocity) used to assess human stability in floods, this research thoroughly investigates previously undefined parameters, including submerged volume, frontal area, wet friction coefficient, and flow resistance coefficient. This leads to the development of a physically meaningful self-rescue risk assessment formula, which is validated against previous studies for accuracy, with the aim of contributing new insights to flood risk management and public education.

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“…Tests conducted by Abt, Wittier, Taylor, and Love (1989) demonstrated the importance of the toppling mechanism. Further studies with both adults and children have been undertaken by several authors (Jonkman & Penning‐Rowsell, 2008; Karvonen, Hepojoki, Huhta, & Louhio, 2000; Takahashi, Endoh, & Muro, 1992), all of which considered different clothing features and levels of expertise of the people, as well as different environmental conditions. The results from these experiments provided the basis for the development of an inversely proportional relationship between the mean flow velocity and water depth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the danger to life in flash flood events adopting a mechanics based methodology and planning evacuation routes

Musolino

Ahmadian

Xia

et al. 2020

J Flood Risk Management

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Extreme flood events are becoming more frequent and challenging due to climate change. Key objectives of this study are to evaluate different criteria used in assessing the hazard to people during flood events and, once determined, the most suitable method is then used to assess the hazard and the safest route(s) for evacuation during a flood event and for a particular case study. The results of the application of two criteria are analysed in terms of the flood hazard assessment with the two criteria being based on a widely used empirical approach and a mechanics based approach. Both criteria are used to assess the flood hazard to people during an extreme flash flood, which occurred on 16th August 2004 in Boscastle (UK). Results obtained for this study have highlighted that the mechanics based criteria are preferable in identifying the ideal escape routes, when considering the flood characteristics and the corresponding response of a human body. The main novelty of this study lies in linking the flood hazard rating with the human body characteristics, when determining the safest route and with a revised formula being developed, which includes the effects of ground slope in the application to a real case study.

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Wave Height and Overtopping rate in Relation to the Risk of Falling on Promenade Breakwaters

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Using web-based observations to identify thresholds of a person's stability in a flow

Using web-based observations to identify thresholds of a person's stability in a flow

Analysis of Self-Rescue Possibilities for Pedestrians in the Aftermath of Destabilization during a Flood Event

Mapping the danger to life in flash flood events adopting a mechanics based methodology and planning evacuation routes

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