“…Since then many improved models have been proposed to investigate a wide range of wave propagation problems, including wave transmission, reflection and dissipation around and through arbitrarily-shaped breakwaters with porous layers. These include the models based on the potential flow theory (Sulisz, 1985;Yu and Chwang, 1994), mild-slope equation (Rojanakamthorn et al, 1989) and shallow-water equations (Kobayashi and Wurjanto, 1990;Wurjanto and Kobayashi, 1993). Unfortunately, the predictive capability of these simplified models are very restricted as they are unable to account for some essential flow processes such as the nonlinearity (mild-slope equation), frequency dispersion (shallowwater equation) and wave breaking (potential flow equations).…”