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Acoustic reflection imaging has been successfully applied in post-drilling wireline logging (WL), and the technique is potentially more valuable in acoustic logging while drilling (ALWD), particularly in geosteering while drilling. Because of the common occurrence of tool eccentering in drilling, the impact of drill collar eccentricity on the acoustic wavefield inside and outside the borehole must be considered. Therefore, we analyze the effect of an eccentric drill collar on acoustic reflection imaging while drilling using analytical solutions in a dual-cylindrical coordinate system. The virtual source analogy and the translational addition theorem for cylindrical Bessel functions are used to calculate the response of the fluid-filled borehole with an eccentric collar to the incident wavefield from a formation reflector. The analysis results are validated with those from 3D finite-difference simulations. We also studied the azimuthal variation of the received wavefield and compared the results with their centralized counterparts, for which the effects of collar eccentricity, frequency of the source, and formation elastic property are analyzed. The results show that the asymmetric feature of the wavefield due to the eccentric collar allows for determining the azimuth of the reflector, providing a solution to the azimuth ambiguity problem of borehole acoustic reflection imaging. Our results, besides developing an effective method for eccentric collar ALWD modeling, can be used to provide a theoretical foundation for ALWD tool development and data interpretation.
Acoustic reflection imaging has been successfully applied in post-drilling wireline logging (WL), and the technique is potentially more valuable in acoustic logging while drilling (ALWD), particularly in geosteering while drilling. Because of the common occurrence of tool eccentering in drilling, the impact of drill collar eccentricity on the acoustic wavefield inside and outside the borehole must be considered. Therefore, we analyze the effect of an eccentric drill collar on acoustic reflection imaging while drilling using analytical solutions in a dual-cylindrical coordinate system. The virtual source analogy and the translational addition theorem for cylindrical Bessel functions are used to calculate the response of the fluid-filled borehole with an eccentric collar to the incident wavefield from a formation reflector. The analysis results are validated with those from 3D finite-difference simulations. We also studied the azimuthal variation of the received wavefield and compared the results with their centralized counterparts, for which the effects of collar eccentricity, frequency of the source, and formation elastic property are analyzed. The results show that the asymmetric feature of the wavefield due to the eccentric collar allows for determining the azimuth of the reflector, providing a solution to the azimuth ambiguity problem of borehole acoustic reflection imaging. Our results, besides developing an effective method for eccentric collar ALWD modeling, can be used to provide a theoretical foundation for ALWD tool development and data interpretation.
Development of high-tech well electronic measuring systems is aimed at creating modern equipment: telemetry, well geophysical measurement equipment, the architecture of which is divided into basic (with measurement channels for gamma logging and inductive resistance) and advanced (with radioactive, acoustic, magnetic resonance and thermobarometric measurement channels, including azimuthal methods of investigation). Over-the-bit measurement modules, rotary steerable systems are being developed and channels for transmitting data to the surface are being improved. Vice versa, specialized surface equipment with highly integrated software is being created. Different measurement modules are manufactured by different companies, which creates uncertainties in the possibility of interfacing the manufacturers' measurement modules into a single well measurement system. The article presents an analysis of the readiness of Russian oil service companies to produce well and surface equipment for drilling Russian directional oil and gas wells, meeting modern requirements for accuracy, lifetime and operating conditions. The possibility of creating a fully Russian well high-tech equipment and the required resources, risks and measures to mitigate them when creating a modern well measurement system are considered.
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