Wavefront preserving X-ray optics for Synchrotron and Free Electron Laser photon beam transport systems

Cocco, Daniele; Cutler, Grant D.; Río, Manuel Sánchez del; Rebuffi, Luca; Shi, Xianbo; Yamauchi, Kazuto

doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2022.05.001

Cited by 40 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 196 publications

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“…No matter what the community has achieved to date, there still seems to be room for improvement. [1][2][3] The general approach is described in Ref. [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Magnetic smart material application to synchrotron X-ray optics: prospects and current progress

Ulmer¹,

Quispe²,

Buchholz³

et al. 2022

Advances in X-Ray/Euv Optics and Components XVII

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Magnetic smart materials (MSMs) offer an alternative to the typical piezo-electric actuators that are currently being used to control X-ray optics on beam lines. MSMs combined with an overcoating of a magnetic hard material means a deformable mirror whose non-reflecting side is coated with a MSM plus magnetic hard overcoat can work in a power-off mode. The process works by using an electromagnet (EM) to impose a magnetic field in the bilayer of MSM and magnetic hard overcoat. Once the EM is turned off, the mirror settles to a new shape within minutes. The new shape can then remain intact for days. Since the EM is not fixed to the mirror, the exact placement of the magnetic field can be adjusted by relocating the EM. This feature allows for fine-scale adjustments and avoids the “dead pixel” replacement problem common with piezo patches that are attached to the mirror. We will give an overview and a progress report.

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“…No matter what the community has achieved to date, there still seems to be room for improvement. [1][2][3] The general approach is described in Ref. [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] The general approach is described in Ref. [1][2][3]. The emphasis has been on making the applications better and better.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic smart material application to synchrotron X-ray optics: prospects and current progress

Ulmer¹,

Quispe²,

Buchholz³

et al. 2022

Advances in X-Ray/Euv Optics and Components XVII

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Advances in the manufacturing of optical elements have pushed X-ray beam focusing to achieve diffraction-limited focus sizes at these facilities enabling a range of scientific applications [2,3]. The key to exploiting this is the high stability of the optics, precise alignment of the optics, and then measurement and correction of the X-ray wavefront for errors caused by imperfections in the optics [4]. A major effort has been put into the correction of the X-ray wavefront using reflective or refractive corrective optics [5,6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alvarez varifocal X-ray lens

Dhamgaye

Laundy

Moxham

et al. 2022

Preprint

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In the X-ray region, there exist optical elements analogous to lenses and mirrors for visible light. For visible light, a variable focusing power can be achieved by Alvarez lenses which consist of a pair of inline planar refractors with a cubic thickness profile, which when laterally displaced in opposite directions result in a parabolic component to the wavefront. This paper reports an implementation of this concept for X-rays using two planar microfabricated refractive elements which when used in conjunction with an elliptical mirror focusing system allowed the focal plane to be moved by up to 2 mm with high precision and within milli-seconds. The study presents the first working proof of an Alvarez lens for the adaptive correction of astigmatism and defocus aberrations of X-ray optics.

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“…Highly efficient blazed diffraction gratings with very small blaze angles are required for x-ray instrumentation utilized at synchrotron and free electron laser (FEL) facilities for a number of x-ray applications such as tender x-ray scattering and spectroscopy [1]. For example, monochromator of the new Tender beamline of Advanced Light Source-Upgrade (ALS-U) will be equipped with blazed gratings with groove density of 240 -305 lines/mm and the blaze angles of 0.27 -0.37.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of low blaze angle gratings by replication and plasma etch

Park

Voronov

Wojdyla

et al. 2022

Advances in X-Ray/Euv Optics and Components XVII

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We suggest a new method of making ultra-low blaze angle gratings for synchrotron application. The method is based on reduction of the blaze angle of a master grating by replication followed by a plasma etch. A master blazed grating with a relatively large blaze angle is fabricated by anisotropic wet etching of a Si single crystal substrate. The surface of the master grating is replicated by a polymer material on top of a quartz substrate by nanoimprinting and then transferred into quartz by a plasma etch. Then a 2 nd nanoimprint step is applied to transfer the saw-tooth surface into a resist layer on top of a Si grating substrate. The plasma etch through the patterned resist layer provides transfer of the grooves into the Si substrate and results in reduction of the blaze angle due to the difference in etch rates of the resist and Si. We investigated the impact of the replication process on the groove shape, facet surface roughness, and diffraction efficiency of the fabricated 200 lines/mm low blaze angle grating.

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Wavefront preserving X-ray optics for Synchrotron and Free Electron Laser photon beam transport systems

Cited by 40 publications

References 196 publications

Magnetic smart material application to synchrotron X-ray optics: prospects and current progress

Magnetic smart material application to synchrotron X-ray optics: prospects and current progress

Alvarez varifocal X-ray lens

Fabrication of low blaze angle gratings by replication and plasma etch

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