Wavefront Velocity Oscillations of Carbon-Nanotube-Guided Thermopower Waves: Nanoscale Alternating Current Sources

Abrahamson, Joel T.; Choi, Wonjoon; Schonenbach, Nicole S.; Park, Jungsik; Han, Jae Hee; Walsh, Michael P.; Kalantar‐zadeh, Kourosh; Strano, Michael S.

doi:10.1021/nn101618y

Cited by 40 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…26 The model predicts the velocity frequencies to be in the range of 400-5000 Hz which is consistent with the voltage frequencies measured in the TNA-MWNT system described previously. This provides further evidence that the velocity of the reaction wave contributes to the thermopower voltage generated, beyond just the temperature difference.…”

supporting

confidence: 86%

“…Abrahamson et al 25,26 predicted with theoretical calculations that such highly conductive nanostructures can accelerate selfpropagating reaction waves from an exothermic chemical reaction in close proximity. Remarkably, their large surface area-tovolume ratio can overcome the generally mediocre interfacial thermal conductivity between carbon nanotubes and fuels such that the nanotubes act as thermal conduits, rapidly conducting heat from the exothermic reaction to the unreacted fuel and accelerating the reaction wave along their lengths.…”

Section: Heat Transfer At the Nanometer Scale: From Phonons To Thermomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is confirmed by numerical simulation across a variety of conditions. 26 For fuels with certain kinetic and thermal parameters, the numerical solution of the coupled reaction and thermal diffusion equations produces reaction waves with velocities that oscillate over time. 26 The model predicts the velocity frequencies to be in the range of 400-5000 Hz which is consistent with the voltage frequencies measured in the TNA-MWNT system described previously.…”

Section: Heat Transfer At the Nanometer Scale: From Phonons To Thermomentioning

confidence: 99%

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The chemical engineering of low‐dimensional materials

et al. 2011

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Low-dimensional materials (LDMs) are a new class of materials, which have one or more physical dimension(s) constrained to the nanometer scale. This constraint implies that the electrons within them are confined to less than three dimensions, a property that imparts such materials with new and unusual properties, as well as new opportunities for novel engineering applications. The properties of low-dimensional materials are substantially different from those of their bulk counterparts, and their understanding requires the application of fundamental chemical engineering concepts. In studying such materials, the central focus has been on understanding their physical and chemical properties, and their potential technological applications. Examples of LDMs include two-dimensional (2-D) nanosheets, one-dimensional nanowires, nanotubes and nanorods (1-D), and zero-dimensional quantum dots (0-D), all of which showcase a whole new range of properties when compared to their three-dimensional (3-D) bulk equivalents, with the change in properties arising from quantum confinement and/or surface and interfacial effects. Quantum confinement effects appear when the confining dimension(s) is (are) on the order of the wavelength of the electron wave function. This implies that when electrons or holes (the absence of electrons) are moving, their mean free path is larger than the dimension of the quantum structure, which typically happens at the nanoscale. In general, solids have a defined spectrum of allowable electronic states, called the electronic density of states (DOS). The nanoscale confinement in LDMs brings about a transition from a continuous to a discontinuous DOS which results in a whole new set of physical, optical and chemical properties. 2-5 Electrical conductivity is typically expected to be lower for LDMs than for their bulk equivalents due to scattering from, e.g., wire boundaries, edge effects, and quantization of conductivity. Thinking about a nanowire: the thinner the wire is, the smaller the number of channels available for the transport of electrons. 6As dimensions of electronics keep getting smaller it is likely to encounter ballistic transport of electrons, meaning there is negligible resistivity in the medium due to scattering. It can be observed when the mean free path of the electron is much bigger than the dimensions of the medium it travels through. This phenomenon occurs at the nanoscale and is, thus, more likely to be observed in LDMs than in their bulk equivalents. InAs nanowires with a diameter of 50 nm have shown ballistic transport over a length scale of about 200 nm at room-temperature.7 However, it is generally hard to observe ballistic conduction in nanowires at roomtemperature due to edge effects: the dangling bonds present defects and act as scattering sites for the electrons.Thermal energy is another area where LDMs exhibit unique properties. The energy is stored and transmitted in nanostructures using electrons and particularly phononsquantized units of solid lattice vibration. Like electr...

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supporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Heat Transfer At the Nanometer Scale: From Phonons To Thermomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Heat Transfer At the Nanometer Scale: From Phonons To Thermomentioning

confidence: 99%

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The chemical engineering of low‐dimensional materials

et al. 2011

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“…As predicted by simulations, voltage oscillations in the range of 0.4−5 kHz were experimentally demonstrated using a system of TNA on MWCNTs. 93 …”

Section: Chemistry Of Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Dimensional Carbon Materials for Applications in Mass and Energy Transport

et al. 2013

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Low dimensional materials are those that possess at least one physical boundary small enough to confine the electrons or phonons. This quantum confinement reduces the dimensionality of the material and imparts unique and novel properties that are not seen in their bulk forms. Examples include quantum dots (0-D), carbon nanotubes (1-D), and graphene (2-D). Accordingly, these materials exhibit new concepts in mass and energy transport that can be exploited for technological applications. In this Perspective, we review several topics related to mass and energy transport in and around carbon-based low dimensional materials. Recent developments in the study of matter being transported through carbon nanotube and graphene nanopores are reviewed, as well as applications of excitonic, thermal, and electronic energy transport in carbon nanotubes. The nanometer-scale interior of a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) has been studied as a unique nanopore, exhibiting periodic ionic conduction currents and dimensionally confined material phases. The mechanism of gas transport through atomic-scale holes in graphene, which is otherwise a perfect barrier material, has been analytically studied. These insights on nanoscale mass transport will have important implications in systems ranging from biological nanopores to advanced water filtration devices. The electronic structure of semiconducting SWCNTs allows photogenerated excitons to be harnessed for single-molecule biosensing and as elements of a new class of all-nanocarbon near-infrared photovoltaics. The extremely high thermal and electrical conductivities of carbon nanotubes allows the generation of electrical energy from chemical reactions. The understanding of how low dimensional physics and chemistry influences mass and energy transport will facilitate the application of these materials to a variety of scientific challenges.

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“…Investigation of the influence of inert elements on the burning rate of composite solid energetic materials has a long history and has been considered in several applied aspects: (i) development of solid propellants [1][2][3][4][5]; (ii) modification of the solid fuels [6][7][8]; (iii) self-propagating high temperature synthesis and the chemical furnace technologies [9][10][11][12]; (iv) development of nanostructured energetic materials and thermopower waves [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propagation of combustion waves in the shell–core energetic materials with external heat losses

et al. 2017

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In this paper, the properties and stability of combustion waves propagating in the composite solid energetic material of the shell-core type are numerically investigated within the one-dimensional diffusive-thermal model with heat losses to the surroundings. The flame speed is calculated as a function of the parameters of the model. The boundaries of stability are determined in the space of parameters by solving the linear stability problem and direct integration of the governing non-stationary equations. The results are compared with the characteristics of the combustion waves in pure solid fuel. It is demonstrated that a stable travelling combustion wave solution can exist for the parameters of the model for which the flame front propagation is unstable in pure solid fuel and it can propagate several times faster even in the presence of significant heat losses.

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Wavefront Velocity Oscillations of Carbon-Nanotube-Guided Thermopower Waves: Nanoscale Alternating Current Sources

Cited by 40 publications

References 35 publications

The chemical engineering of low‐dimensional materials

The chemical engineering of low‐dimensional materials

Low Dimensional Carbon Materials for Applications in Mass and Energy Transport

Propagation of combustion waves in the shell–core energetic materials with external heat losses

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