Wax deposition from Middle East crudes

Elsharkawy, Adel M.; Al-Sahhaf, Taher A.; Fahim, Mohamed A.

doi:10.1016/s0016-2361(99)00235-5

Cited by 130 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In most cases, the isolation of waxes from crude oil was carried out using acetone by various modifications of the Burger method (Burger et al 1981), when the waxes were isolated from maltenes (Branthaver et al 1983;Elsharkawy et al 2000;Fazeelat 2006; Alcazar-Vara and Buenrostro-Gonzalez 2011) or saturates (Yang and Kilpatrick 2005;Lu et al 2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the asphaltenes are isolated from oils first; waxes are isolated from deasphalted oil. In other words, the waxes are isolated from the oil system from which the asphaltenes have been removed beforehand [from maltenes (Branthaver et al 1983;Elsharkawy et al 2000;Fazeelat 2006;Alcazar-Vara and Buenrostro-Gonzalez 2011) or saturates (Yang and Kilpatrick 2005;Lu et al 2008)]. However, the traditional methods used to isolate asphaltenes by adding 40 volumes in excess of low boiling point paraffin hydrocarbons can produce a fraction which is contaminated with a significant amount of waxes (Chouparova and Philp 1998;Thanh et al 1999;Liao et al 2006;Acevedo et al 2009;Coto et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Waxes in asphaltenes of crude oils and wax deposits

2016

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Composition and molecular mass distribution of n-alkanes in asphaltenes of crude oils of different ages and in wax deposits formed in the borehole equipment were studied. In asphaltenes, n-alkanes from C 12 to C 60 were detected. The high molecular weight paraffins in asphaltenes would form a crystalline phase with a melting point of 80-90°C. The peculiarities of the redistribution of high molecular paraffin hydrocarbons between oil and the corresponding wax deposit were detected. In the oils, the high molecular weight paraffinic hydrocarbons C 50 -C 60 were found, which were not practically detected in the corresponding wax deposits.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waxes in asphaltenes of crude oils and wax deposits

2016

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“…Measurement of WAT in oil can be carried out by many research methods such as low-resolution pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), light-scattering method, ultrasonic method and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (Pedersen et al 1991;Kok et al 1996;Elsharkawy et al 2000;Karan et al 2000;Jiang et al 2001;Paso et al 2009;Jiang et al 2014;Huang et al 2016). However, only few methods are capable to determine the entrapped crude oil in the solid residue correctly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wax precipitation in multicomponent hydrocarbon system

Struchkov

Рогачев

2016

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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The objective of this research is to estimate individual effect of various external parameters such as pressure, cooling rate, watercut and addition of mechanical impurities on change in wax appearance temperature (WAT) in oil. In this paper, complex multicomponent system like oil is replaced to simplified model solution, presented by wax in kerosene solution. Research methods in the study were visual method at high-pressure/hightemperature conditions and rheological method under ambient pressure. Experimental results shown that WAT grows with increase in concentration of wax in solution, increase in pressure, watercut, shear rate, addition of mechanical impurities and decrease in gap size of the measuring system (for rheological method). Numerical dependences of WAT in solution on the listed factors are received. Research data are explained by the thermodynamic processes proceeding in model solution. Influence of wax inhibitors addition on process of the crystal structure formation in model solutions and effective wax inhibitors is defined.

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“…Wax crystals quickly form and trap the crude oil until it cannot flow at low temperatures and high wax contents (Soldi et al, 2007). Temperature decrease causes further wax deposits and forms interlocked crystals that can trap the crude oil (Elsharkawy et al, 2000). The main factor causing oil temperature decrease is the temperature difference between the oil and its environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wax Aggregation Inhibition in Crude Oil by Oxirane Ester Copolymer

Yulizar¹,

Utari²,

Ananda³

2016

IJTech

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Wax deposition can cause a serious problem in the distribution process of crude oil through a pipeline. At low temperatures, wax molecules can interact to form a wax aggregate. One way to reduce the wax aggregation is to introduce an additive compound into the crude oil. In this study, 15 crude oil models were prepared by mixing gasoline, kerosene, oil, wax, and asphaltene. Oxirane ester copolymer (OEC) additive was introduced into the crude oil models with various concentrations and volumes, and its effect on the crude oil models' pour point and viscosity were evaluated. OEC interactions with wax and asphaltene were observed by FTIR, and the wax aggregation process was observed using cross polarized microscopy (CPM). The optimum pour point of crude oil was reached at a temperature of 6 o C and optimum viscosity at 10 cSt for the selected model 4. OEC additions of 5% and 10% require 500 and 300 µL, respectively, to achieve the optima pour point and viscosity. OEC was able to inhibit the wax aggregation, as evidenced from the interaction between OEC-wax at 722 cm -1 and OECasphaltene at 1604 and 1494 cm -1 of FTIR spectra. The distribution of the wax aggregate was observed using CPM, with the value of the wax appearance temperature (WAT) at 28.7 o C. This research can be the basis for designing or selecting a molecule for use as a pour point depressant in accordance with the characteristics of crude oil, particularly since each source of crude oil has different characteristics.

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Wax deposition from Middle East crudes

Cited by 130 publications

References 24 publications

Waxes in asphaltenes of crude oils and wax deposits

Waxes in asphaltenes of crude oils and wax deposits

Wax precipitation in multicomponent hydrocarbon system

Wax Aggregation Inhibition in Crude Oil by Oxirane Ester Copolymer

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