We are What We Eat: Impact of Food from Short Supply Chain on Metabolic Syndrome

Santulli, Gaetano; Pascale, Valeria; Finelli, Rosa; Visco, Valeria; Giannotti, Rocco; Massari, Angelo; Morisco, Carmine; Ciccarelli, Michele; Illario, Maddalena; Iaccarino, Guido; Coscioni, Enrico

doi:10.3390/jcm8122061

Cited by 59 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Santulli et al provided evidence that the use of the Mediterranean diet based on the short supply chain significantly reduces the incidence of MetS compared to the long supply chain. These authors indicate that the length of the food supply chain is a key determinant of the risk of MetS in the population living on a Mediterranean diet [30]. Furthermore, the study conducted by Assaf-Baut et al among women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the 12th-14th week after childbirth shows that the intervention on diet reduced the relative risk of MetS, but not the risk of insulin resistance [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Relationship between the IFNG (rs2430561) Polymorphism and Metabolic Syndrome in Perimenopausal Women

et al. 2020

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Background and Objectives: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multiple risk factor for atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and strokes. One-third of middle-age women are at risk of MetS, which predisposes them to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Changes in the regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines―which play an important role in pathologic processes―may contribute to inflammatory disorders. Cytokine polymorphisms are known to have an impact on gene expression. The purpose of this study was to search for the relationship between the IFNG polymorphisms and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Materials and Methods: This study, conducted in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, involved 416 women. Of these women, 33.6% of them had primary education, 44.8% lived in cities with a population of over 100,000, and 82.7% were married. Of the participants, 28.4% met the criteria for MetS. The study involved: interview performed to collect sociodemographic and medical data, anthropometric measurements, as well as venous blood collection for biochemical analysis, genetic testing and the measurement of inflammatory markers. Results: The link between the IFNG (rs2430561) polymorphism and serum PIC (proinflammatory cytokines) levels was tested with regard to MetS. In the MetS+ subgroup, the T/T and A/T genotypes of the IFNG gene were accompanied by higher IL-6 levels than in the MetS− subgroup. Conclusion: Our study has not confirmed a direct link between the IFNG polymorphisms and the levels of inflammatory biomarkers. Nevertheless, the T/T and A/T genotypes of the IFNG gene may predispose to elevated IL-6 levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Relationship between the IFNG (rs2430561) Polymorphism and Metabolic Syndrome in Perimenopausal Women

et al. 2020

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“…One of the explanations for this trend is departure from the traditional lifestyle and Mediterranean diet, especially in younger people from Mediterranean countries [16,17]. Interestingly, it was found that change in the food supply in the Mediterranean area, especially more readily available mass-produced food from the long supply chain (opposite from the local food markets) was associated with MetS [18]. These trends are very misfortunate and represent a double missed opportunity, because Mediterranean diet was shown to have the capacity for preventing the development of metabolic syndrome, as well as the ability to reverse it in people with or without type 2 diabetes [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Salt Taste Perception, Mediterranean Diet and Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2020

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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a widespread disorder and an important public health challenge. The purpose of this study was to identify the association between salt taste perception, Mediterranean diet and MetS. This cross-sectional study included 2798 subjects from the general population of Dalmatia, Croatia. MetS was determined using the Joint Interim Statement definition, and Mediterranean diet compliance was estimated using Mediterranean Diet Serving Score. Salt taste perception was assessed by threshold and suprathreshold testing (intensity and hedonic perception). Logistic regression was used in the analysis, adjusting for important confounding factors. As many as 44% of subjects had MetS, with elevated waist circumference as the most common component (77%). Higher salt taste sensitivity (lower threshold) was associated with several positive outcomes: lower odds of MetS (OR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.52–0.92), lower odds for elevated waist circumference (0.47; 0.27–0.82), elevated fasting glucose or diabetes (0.65; 0.45–0.94), and reduced HDL cholesterol (0.59; 0.42–0.84), compared to the higher threshold group. Subjects with lower salt taste threshold were more likely to consume more fruit, and less likely to adhere to olive oil and white meat guidelines, but without a difference in the overall Mediterranean diet compliance. Salt taste intensity perception was not associated with any of the investigated outcomes, while salty solution liking was associated with MetS (OR = 1.85, CI 95% 1.02–3.35). This study identified an association between salt taste perception and MetS and gave a new insight into taste perception, nutrition, and possible health outcomes.

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“…Therefore, as aforementioned, we collapsed all groups into one sample and applied multivariate regression analyses to the whole sample in order to account for exercise and diet behavior changes in practice during the intervention period. Third, regarding the dietary intervention, we have to mention that we did not differ short supply chain (SSC) from long supply chain (LSC) food included in the DASH [48]. A recent cross-sectional study found that only individuals adhering to the Mediterranean diet with an SSC had a significantly reduced prevalence of metabolic syndrome compared to those with an LSC [48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Third, regarding the dietary intervention, we have to mention that we did not differ short supply chain (SSC) from long supply chain (LSC) food included in the DASH [48]. A recent cross-sectional study found that only individuals adhering to the Mediterranean diet with an SSC had a significantly reduced prevalence of metabolic syndrome compared to those with an LSC [48]. Further, recent studies have shown that inflammatory effects of food parameters exist with a high variability [49] due to either a different genetic pattern or to diverse genetic-environmental interactions, and potential interactions (synergism, antagonism) among food parameters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Caloric Intake and Aerobic Activity in Individuals with Prehypertension and Hypertension on Levels of Inflammatory, Adhesion and Prothrombotic Biomarkers—Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Wagner

Hong

Wilson

et al. 2020

JCM

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Background: Cardiopulmonary fitness and low calorie diets have been shown to reduce inflammation but few studies have been conducted in individuals with elevated blood pressure (BP) in a randomized intervention setting. Thereby, adhesion biomarkers, e.g., soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM)-3, have not been examined so far. Methods: Sixty-eight sedentary prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive individuals (mean age ± SEM: 45 ± 1 years; mean BP: 141/84 ± 1/1 mmHg) were randomized to one of three 12-week intervention groups: cardio training and caloric reduction, cardio training alone, or wait-list control group. Plasma levels of inflammatory, adhesion and prothrombotic biomarkers were assessed. In a second step, intervention groups were combined to one sample and multivariate regression analyses were applied in order to account for exercise and diet behavior changes. Results: There were no significant differences among the intervention groups. In the combined sample, greater caloric reduction was associated with a larger increase of sICAM-3 (p = 0.026) and decrease of C-reactive protein (p = 0.018) as a result of the interventions. More cardio training was associated with increases of sICAM-3 (p = 0.046) as well as interleukin-6 (p = 0.004) and a decrease of tumor necrosis factor-α (p = 0.017) levels. Higher BP predicted higher plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 (p = 0.001), and greater fitness predicted lower PAI-1 levels (p = 0.006) after the intervention. Conclusions: In prehypertensive and hypertensive patients, plasma levels of the adhesion molecule sICAM-3 and inflammatory biomarkers have different response patterns to cardio training with and without caloric reduction. Such anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects may have implications for the prevention of atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease among individuals at increased risk.

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We are What We Eat: Impact of Food from Short Supply Chain on Metabolic Syndrome

Cited by 59 publications

References 41 publications

The Relationship between the IFNG (rs2430561) Polymorphism and Metabolic Syndrome in Perimenopausal Women

The Relationship between the IFNG (rs2430561) Polymorphism and Metabolic Syndrome in Perimenopausal Women

The Association between Salt Taste Perception, Mediterranean Diet and Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study

Effects of Caloric Intake and Aerobic Activity in Individuals with Prehypertension and Hypertension on Levels of Inflammatory, Adhesion and Prothrombotic Biomarkers—Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial

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