Purpose-Drawing upon the resource-based view of the firm, this paper develops and empirically validates a model, which examines the relationships between technical KM infrastructure (TKMI), social KM infrastructure (SKMI), and competitive advantage provided by KM (CAPKM). The authors argue that KM process capabilities account for the direct effects of TKMI and SKMI on CAPKM. Design/methodology/approach-We employed PLS-SEM to empirically test the hypotheses using a sample of 251 firms from an emerging economy. The results were then confirmed using the bias-corrected bootstrap procedure. We also conducted two robustness checks including: (a) examining a competing moderation model, (b) and performing fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), a set-theoretic method that examines how causal conditions combine into all possible configurations of binary states to explain the desired outcome. Findings-The findings show that TKMI and SKMI have positive effects on CAPKM. In addition, KM process capabilities mediate the direct effects of TKMI and SKMI on CAPKM.