Student engagement is an ongoing concern for educators because of its positive association with deep learning and educational outcomes. This article tests the use of a social networking site (Facebook) as a tool to facilitate asynchronous learning opportunities that complement face-to-face interactions and thereby enable a stronger learning ecosystem. This studentcentered learning approach offers a way to increase student engagement and can have a positive impact on academic outcomes. Using data from a longitudinal quasi-experiment, the authors show that students who participated in both faceto-face on-campus classes and asynchronous online learning opportunities were more engaged than students who only attended face-to-face classes. In addition, the findings show that participation in the asynchronous setting relates significantly and positively to students' academic outcomes (final grades). The findings have notable implications for marketing education.
Although mobile commerce growth shows a promising trend and provides ample potential for retailers around the globe, several studies have shown that m-commerce has failed so far in attracting the hearts and minds of potential customers across different countries. Unlike past studies that examine single countries and/or developed markets, this study advances the literature by comparing m-commerce customers' behavioral intentions and actual behaviors using data from 812 m-commerce users across four countries (Australia, India, U.S., and Pakistan). This four-country context offers a unique opportunity for understanding how m-commerce consumers' behaviors differ across disparate national markets. We propose a conceptual framework linking m-commerce users' behaviors (intentions and actual usages) to its key drivers including ubiquity and habit, and develop hypothesis about the moderating roles of m-commerce readiness and habit in these linkages. The results reveal important asymmetries between m-commerce readiness stage and between habit: users at early m-commerce readiness stage assign more importance to ubiquity relative to habit in influencing purchase intentions, whereas the opposite is true for the users who are at an advanced m-commerce readiness stage. Habit moderates the influence of ubiquity such that its importance in determining intention decreases as the behavior in question takes a more habitual nature. We outline how m-retailers operating across different countriesdeveloped and developing-should adapt their marketing strategies to customers at different mcommerce readiness stages.
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