Weak monsoon event at 4.2 ka recorded in sediment from Lake Rara, Himalayas

Nakamura, Atsunori; Yokoyama, Yūsuke; Maemoku, Hideaki; Yagi, Hiroshi; Okamura, Makoto; Matsuoka, Hiromi; Miyake, Nao; Osada, Toshiko; Adhikari, Dibyendu; Dangol, Vishnu; Ikehara, Minoru; Miyairi, Yosuke; Matsuzaki, Hiroyuki

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.05.053

Cited by 81 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…Fleitmann et al, 2007;Fleitmann et al, 2003;Neff et al, 2001), and the Indian sub-continent (e.g. Berkelhammer et al, 2012;Dixit et al, 30 2015;Dixit et al, 2014a;Dixit et al, 2014b;Dixit, 2013;Dutt et al, 2015;Nakamura et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Indian summer monsoon climate during the Last Millennium, as simulated by the PMIP3

Tejavath

Ashok

Chakraborty

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Indian summer monsoon climate during the Last Millennium, as simulated by the PMIP3

Tejavath

Ashok

Chakraborty

et al. 2017

Preprint

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“…shows an abrupt onset of the event at ~4.1 ka BP (Berkelhammer et al, 2012), the onset/duration timings of the 4.2 ka event in other records differ considerably (e.g., Staubwasser and Weiss, 2006;Prasad and Enzel, 2006;Nakamura et al, 2016;Dixit et al, 2018 (yellow circles and numbers). The numbering scheme is as follows: 1, Sahiya cave (Kathayat et al, 2017); 2, Lake Rara (Nakamura et al, 2016); 3, Kotla Dhar (Dixit et al, 2014); 4, Mawmluh Cave (Berkelhammer et al, 2012); and 5, Indus Delta (Staubwasser et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…A global suite of proxy records shows widespread climate anomalies during this time (commonly referred as the '4.2 ka event') (e.g., Cullen et al, 2000;Staubwasser et al, 2003;Arz et al, 2006;Drysdale et al, 2006;Menounos et al, 2008;Liu and Feng, 2012;Berkelhammer et al, 2012;Dixit et al, 2014;Cheng et al 2015;Nakamura et al, 2016;Dixit et al, 2018;Railsback et al, 2018). Additionally, a number of archeological 45 studies also suggest that the '4.2 ka event' may have been associated with a series of cultural and societal changes in the Mediterranean, Middle East, Africa, South and East Asia (e.g., Weiss et al,1993;Enzel et al, 1999;Cullen et al, 2000;Staubwasser et al, 2003;Marshall et.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of proxy records from the Indian subcontinent suggest that a major weakening of ISM occurred during the '4.2 ka event' (Staubwasser et al, 2003;Berkelhammer et al, 2012;Ponton et al, 2012., Dixit et al, 2014Nakamura et al, 2016;Hong et al 2014;Hong et al, 2016;Shukla et al, 2018) (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The numbering scheme is as follows: 1, Sahiya cave (Kathayat et al, 2017); 2, Lake Rara (Nakamura et al, 2016); 3, Kotla Dhar (Dixit et al, 2014); 4, Mawmluh Cave (Berkelhammer et al, 2012); and 5, Indus Delta (Staubwasser et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Timing and Structure of the 4.2 ka BP Event in the Indian Summer Monsoon Domain from an Annually-Resolved Speleothem Record from Northeast India

Kathayat

Cheng

Sinha

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Debris flow events of 4000 a BP and its resulting archaeological site destruction in Qian River gorge, the upper reach of Wei River, central China

et al. 2020

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In the study of global change, the relationship between the Holocene climatic disaster events and the rise and fall of ancient civilization is of considerable significance to a profound understanding of civilization evolution and human-land harmony. During the geological survey in the western Wei River Basin, a debris-flow event that would have destroyed an archaeological site was uncovered in the Holocene loesson the south bank of the Qian River. They were studied by field observations and laboratory analysis, including magnetic susceptibility, particle size distribution, carbonate content determination, and AMS 14 C dating. The debris-flow event was dated at about 3702 BP to 4084 cal BP by using the AMS 14 C in combination with archaeological artefacts age determination. Mingling with cultural layer, whole pig bones, and covering ash pit and cellars, the debris flow incident was linked to the site destruction. Combined with the global climate background at about 4000 a BP, the palaeo-floods records in the Wei River Basin, and the regional palaeo-earthquakes, we infer that the debris-flow was triggered by large earthquake and heavy rainfall and was a regional hydrological response to the 4.0 ka global climate event. Moreover, the debris-flow incident and its resulting archaeological site ruin have essential scientific significance for exploring the climate environment evolution, the ancient civilization evolvement, and the human-land relationship development in the Wei River Basin and surrounding area.

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Weak monsoon event at 4.2 ka recorded in sediment from Lake Rara, Himalayas

Cited by 81 publications

References 93 publications

The Indian summer monsoon climate during the Last Millennium, as simulated by the PMIP3

The Indian summer monsoon climate during the Last Millennium, as simulated by the PMIP3

Timing and Structure of the 4.2 ka BP Event in the Indian Summer Monsoon Domain from an Annually-Resolved Speleothem Record from Northeast India

Debris flow events of 4000 a BP and its resulting archaeological site destruction in Qian River gorge, the upper reach of Wei River, central China

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