Wear and friction of composites of an epoxy with boron containing wastes

Abstract

SbstractPolymer surface coatings provide superior adhesion to substrates, some flexibility and corrosion resistance. On the other hand, 400,000 ton of boron wastes are generated each year. We have developed polymer composites based on epoxy resins containing up to 50 wt. % of boron wastes and determined their pin-on-disk dynamic friction, wear, Shore D hardness and surface roughness. The hardness and wear resistance increase with increasing boron waste concentration. An equation, with parameters dependent on the load, relating wear rate to hardness is provided. Dynamic friction increases with increasing surface roughness, as represented by the equation. Further, dynamic friction is an increasing function of the wear rate. Micrographs of pure epoxy without fillers shows traces after pin-on-disk testing, with tears, breaks and cracks. For the composites, we observe simpler and relatively homogeneous surfaces.

Dry Sliding Behaviour of Boron Waste Reinforced Epoxy Matrix Composites

“…Even though, it is well known that the friction and wear rate change depending on wear test conditions such as normal load, geometry, sliding speed, surface roughness of the counterparts, type of counterpart material, temperature, relative humidity, lubrication and it is also related to mechanical, microstructural and physical properties of the worn material, the experimental results are in good agreement with the findings of the researches that include similar compositions. Uygunoglu et al [25] reported that when using boron-incorporated waste material as filler, wear resistance enhanced comparing to neat epoxy and as the content increased in composites. Moreover dynamic friction decreased with increasing waste concentration in composites.…”

“…The most common used industrial waste as fillers in the literature in order to improve properties of the polymer matrix, can be summarized as fly ash, red mud, thermoset wastes, glass fiber waste, ceramic wastes (fine fired clay, vitreous china porcelain), marble waste, metallurgical slag, rubber waste, gypsum-fiber waste, foundry and blast furnace slag, flue dust, and carbon black waste, etc [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. On the other hand, there are very limited studies about the utilization of boron waste in polymer matrix composites and its tribological behavior [24,25]. Uygunoglu et al [24] studied the physical and mechanical properties of boron waste added polymer composite and they reported that while the compressive strength of polymer composites increased with the addition of boron waste, flexural strength decreased and composites showed more brittle behavior.…”

“…Uygunoglu et al [24] studied the physical and mechanical properties of boron waste added polymer composite and they reported that while the compressive strength of polymer composites increased with the addition of boron waste, flexural strength decreased and composites showed more brittle behavior. In another study of the same group [25], epoxy resin matrix composites reinforced up to 50 wt% boron wastes were developed and tribological properties were investigated by dynamic friction, wear and surface roughness by pin-on-disk wear test. They observed that the hardness value of samples improved when the using boron-incorporated waste material as filler three times in comparison with neat epoxy.…”

Investigation of Wear Strength of Blast Furnace Slag Blended Polymer Materials

“…The indenter is not just jumping from bump to bump, as it was doing with little contact with the surface between the bumps. This results in high friction values, in fact even higher for pure components [20,21].…”

Mechanical and Physical Properties of Polyester Reinforced Glass Fibre/Orange Peel Particulate Hybrid Composite

“…Results from the mechanical test showed that the treated samples showed better mechanical properties compared to the untreated samples while results from water absorption showed that the untreated groundnut shell powder showed higher water absorption compared to the treated sample. Other works include; Zhang et al, [11] developed a poly(methyl-methacrylate) decorated single wall epoxy/carbon-nanotube composite, Uygunoğlu et al, [12] investigated the wear and friction properties of epoxy reinforced boron wastes composites, FonsecaFerreira et al, [13] carried out a thermogravimetric characterization of polyester matrix reinforced eucalyptus fibers, Jones et al, [14] investigated the role of microstructure in ultralow wear fluoropolymer composites, Yuan et al, [15] investigated the tribological properties of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites filled with polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and nano-Al2O3 particles were studied using a block-on-ring wear tester. Orange (Citrus Sinensis) is a common commercial crop mostly grown in the North-Central part of Nigeria.…”