Wear anisotropy of selective laser melted 316L stainless steel

Yang, Yuanzhang; Zhu, Yi; Khonsari, M. M.; Yang, Huayong

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2019.04.001

Cited by 116 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Owing to the thermal diffusion of the substrate in the SLM process, a high cooling gradient is generated with a rapid solidification rate. Thus, columnar grains grow parallel to the Z-direction [25,39]. Under a low thermal gradient, the crystals are more likely to be equi-axed and fine.…”

Section: Effect Of Microstructure On Cavitation Erosion Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the mechanical properties of the SLM-fabricated 316L stainless steel are different from those of the traditional parts because of their unique microstructure [18−20]. Several researchers have investigated the microstructure and performance of SLM-fabricated 316L stainless steel, including the effect of process parameters on its porosity [21], hardness [22], strength [16], fatigue [23], residual stress [24], and wear resistance [25]. This study aims to obtain high and satisfactory mechanical properties of SLM-fabricated 316L stainless steels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cavitation erosion resistance of 316L stainless steel fabricated using selective laser melting

et al. 2020

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Cavitation erosion degrades the performance and reliability of hydraulic machinery. Selective laser melting (SLM) is a type of metal additive manufacturing technology that can fabricate metal parts directly and provide lightweight design in various industrial applications. However, the cavitation erosion behaviors of SLM-fabricated parts have rarely been studied. In this study, SLM 316L stainless steel samples were fabricated via SLM technology considering the scanning strategy, scanning speed, laser power, and build orientation. The effect of the process parameters on the cavitation erosion resistance of the SLM-fabricated 316L stainless steel samples was illustrated using an ultrasonic vibratory cavitation system. The mass loss and surface topography were employed to evaluate the surface cavitation damage of the SLM-fabricated 316L stainless steel samples after the cavitation test. The cavitation damage mechanism of the SLM-fabricated samples was discussed. The results show that the degree of cavitation damage of the sample fabricated via SLM with a few defects, anisotropic build direction, and columnar microstructure is significantly decreased. Defects such as pores, which are attributed to low laser power and high scanning speed, may severely aggravate the cavitation damage of the SLM-fabricated samples. The sample fabricated via SLM with a low laser power and exposure time exhibited the highest porosity and poor cavitation erosion resistance. The cellular structures are more prone to cavitation damage compared with the columnar structures. A sample with a high density of grain boundaries will severely suffer cavitation damage.

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Section: Effect Of Microstructure On Cavitation Erosion Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavitation erosion resistance of 316L stainless steel fabricated using selective laser melting

et al. 2020

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“…SLM of austenitic stainless steels can be performed under a wide variety of process parameters including laser power (68–400 W), scan speed (0.3–2.5 m/s), layer thickness (20–50 μm), and hatch distance; the distance between the centre of two adjacent melt pools (40–140 μm) [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]. Therefore, depending on the process parameters, the alloy may experience a wide variety of temperature gradients, solidification conditions, thermal stresses, and be susceptible to defects such as cracks, pores, and residual stresses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defect Prevention in Selective Laser Melting Components: Compositional and Process Effects

Sabzi

Rivera-Dı́az-del-Castillo

2019

Materials

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A model to predict the conditions for printability is presented. The model focuses on crack prevention, as well as on avoiding the formation of defects such as keyholes, balls and lack of fusion. Crack prevention is ensured by controlling the solidification temperature range and path, as well as via quantifying its ability to resist thermal stresses upon solidification. Defect formation prevention is ensured by controlling the melt pool geometry and by taking into consideration the melting properties. The model’s core relies on thermodynamics and physical analysis to ensure optimal printability, and in turn offers key information for alloy design and selective laser melting process control. The model is shown to describe accurately defect formation of 316L austenitic stainless steels reported in the literature.

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“…Besides, the designed novel process can also achieve <110>//BD texture of as-built 316L to enhance its tensile strength by 16% and ductility by 40% [12]. Due to textures existing in AM 316L, mechanical anisotropy of AM metals has been correspondingly influenced [16][17][18]. Hitzler et al [16] experimentally studied the anisotropic tensile properties of SLM 316L, and found that Young's modulus, ultimate tensile strength as well as fracture elongations vary from fabrication settings.…”

Section: Intr Introduction Oductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yang et al [17] experimentally studied the wear anisotropy of SLM 316L by applying six different sliding directions.…”

Section: Intr Introduction Oductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A numerical investigation on the effects of porosity on the plastic anisotropy of additive manufactured stainless steel with various crystallographic textures

Wu¹,

Liu²,

Vajragupta³

et al. 2021

Esaform 2021

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For additive manufacturing materials, different process parameters might cause non-negligible microstructural defects. Due to the deficient or surplus energy input during the process, porosity would result in significantly different mechanical responses. In addition, the heterogeneity of the microstructure of additive manufactured material could increase the anisotropic behavior in both deformation and failure stages. The aim of this study is to perform a numerical investigation of the anisotropic plasticity affected by the microstructural features, in particular, texture and porosity. The coupling of the synthetic microstructure model and the crystal plasticity method is employed to consider the microstructural features and to predict the mechanical response at the macroscopic level, including both flow curve and r-value evolution. The additive manufactured 316L stainless steel is chosen as the reference steel in this study. Porosity decreases the stress of material, however, it reduces the anisotropy of material with both two types of textures. Regardless of porosity, grains with <111>//BD fiber of reference material is preferable for high strength requirement while the random orientations are favorable for homogeneous deformation in applications.

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Wear anisotropy of selective laser melted 316L stainless steel

Cited by 116 publications

References 45 publications

Cavitation erosion resistance of 316L stainless steel fabricated using selective laser melting

Cavitation erosion resistance of 316L stainless steel fabricated using selective laser melting

Defect Prevention in Selective Laser Melting Components: Compositional and Process Effects

A numerical investigation on the effects of porosity on the plastic anisotropy of additive manufactured stainless steel with various crystallographic textures

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