Wear of Inconel 718 die during aluminium extrusion—a case study

Identification of a friction model for the bearing channel of hot aluminium extrusion dies by using ball-on-disc tests

“…In addition, the high contact pressure (several times greater than the flow stress of the workpiece material) further aids the severe plastic deformation of the asperities or oxidation scale, and brings the faying material highly close to each other to a distance of atomic level. Therefore, in the bearing channel of hot aluminum extrusion, the strong chemical or diffusion bonding is the dominant friction mechanism, which has been verified experimentally before [11,[34][35][36]. Also, the strong interactions between hot Al and steel have been observed in the forge welding process [37][38][39].…”

“…At elevated temperatures, the adhesive friction plays a dominant role, due to the strong atomic or chemical interactions, especially under 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 12 high contact pressures [1][2][3]36]. This is mainly due to the following reasons: at elevated temperatures, the atoms in both materials in contact are highly activated, which aids the interdiffusion at the surface layers of the materials and a strong chemical bonding tends to be established.…”

“…At elevated temperatures, the adhesive friction plays a dominant role, due to the strong atomic or chemical interactions. The adhesive friction becomes more pronounced under high contact pressures [11,[34][35][36]. This is mainly caused by the following reasons: at elevated temperatures, the atoms in both materials in contact are highly active, which aids the interdiffusion at the surface layers of the materials and a strong chemical bonding tends to be formed.…”

Monte Carlo simulation of extrusion die life

“…More wear spots were found on the mandrel-bearing surface than on the cap bearing. Wear patterns observed by Gotovskaya et al (2004) in a hollow die are shown in Fig. 2.…”

CAD implementation of design rules for aluminium extrusion dies

“…These particles cause abrasive damage to the extruded product [7]. The severity of the adhesive and abrasive mechanisms that damage the bearing surface and the extrudate is strongly related to the normal pressure in the bearing [42]. As this normal pressure is particularly small in relieved bearings, the observed deterioration of surface quality can be explained.…”