Wearable Carbon Nanotube-Based Biosensors on Gloves for Lactate

Abstract

Developing a simple and direct approach for interfacing a sensor and a target analyte is of great interest for fields such as medical diagnosis, threat detection, food quality control, and environmental monitoring. Gloves provide a unique interface for sensing applications. Here, we show for the first time the development of wearable carbon nanotube (CNT)-based amperometric biosensors painted onto gloves as a new sensing platform, used here for the determination of lactate. Three sensor types were studied, configured as: two CNT electrodes; one CNT electrode, and an Ag/AgCl electrode, and two CNT electrodes and an Ag/AgCl electrode. The sensors are constructed by painting the electrodes using CNT or Ag/AgCl inks. By immobilizing lactate oxidase onto the CNT-based working electrodes, the sensors show sensitive detections of lactate. Comparison of sensor performance shows that a combination of CNT and Ag/AgCl is necessary for highly sensitive detection. We anticipate that these findings could open exciting avenues for fundamental studies of wearable bioelectronics, as well as practical applications in fields such as healthcare and defense.

Allotrope carbon materials in thermal interface materials and fuel cell applications: A review

“…The example of nanotubes as elements of electronic devices including transistors (field‐effect or single‐electron transistors), rectifying diodes, and for logic circuits . The advantages offers to perform as excellent sensors such as large energy bandgap, fast electron transfer, good electron mobility, good binding energy with other materials, able to provide functional group to be more selective, and others . Besides electrical properties, the thermal properties are still excel as the thermal conductivity of the CNT is relatively high (~6000 W (m K) –1 ) .…”

“…Fuel cell application is affected by the presence of various types of carbon allotropes, including CNTs, CB, graphene, carbon nanocoils (CNCs), mesoporous carbon (MC), carbon cloth, carbon nanofibers (CNFs), fullerene, activated carbon (AC), and carbon xerogel/aerogel; fuel cell performance is significantly affected by their presence. Table indicates the carbon material properties as followed.…”

“…6 The advantages offers to perform as excellent sensors such as large energy bandgap, fast electron transfer, good electron mobility, good binding energy with other materials, able to provide functional group to be more selective, and others. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Besides electrical properties, the thermal properties are still excel as the thermal conductivity of the CNT is relatively high (~6000 W (m K) -1 ). 24 Therefore, CNT is outstanding among advanced materials to be implemented in the thermal application and energy storage.…”

Amperometric Biosensors for Glucose and Lactate with Applications in Food Analysis: A Brief Review

“…The analytical performances in terms of high sensitivity, wide linear range and low detection limit of some of the reviewed biosensors evidence that these systems have the potential to radically change food analysis. However, despite the variety of electrochemical biosensors for glucose and lactate monitoring, 35,[115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125] limited number of devices successfully applied for quality and safety assessment of foods and beverages testifies that the food sample matrices present significant challenges and there is still a need to improve analytical performances, both selectivity and operational stability of the immobilised biocomponent and shelf-life of biosensor systems. Moreover, designing novel reliable and commercially available biosensors that are capable to detect nanomolar levels of analytes, as well as biosensors for reliable analysis of multiple analytes using a single device, 126,127 are required in the field of food industry and have become an important topic in electroanalysis.…”

Amperometric biosensing system directly powered by button cell battery for lactate

“…We show here for the first time that a simplified circuit in amperometric biosensing system directly powered by button cell battery has an excellent sensing performance, rather than a complex and large instrument such as a potentiostat [5, 16, 17]. This new system could further minimize the size of the entire sensing system and lower the cost, since it employs a battery to power the sensor directly without using a complex circuit in between.…”