Weather, climate, and agriculture: Historical contributions and perspectives from agricultural meteorology

Abstract

All over the world, farming communities need to adapt to a changing climate. At the same time, they are confronted by the necessity to increase food availability for a growing population, but also to ensure a sustainable use of natural resources. In this process, agriculture is not just the fiend responsible for an increase in greenhouse gas emissions, nor the victim of rising temperatures and extreme weather events. Agriculture is also an ally in climate change mitigation and adaptation because the selection of ad hoc crop varieties and livestock can lower the environmental impact of farming and the implementation of better management practices can promote soil conservation. Whether agriculture will have a positive or a negative impact on climate change adaptation and mitigation will depend on the rural policies implemented, but it will also be contingent on an adequate understanding of the interconnections existing between weather, climate, and farming. This review explores such interconnections by focusing on the history of agricultural meteorology, which is the research field that studies the impact of weather and climate on crops, livestock, farming operations, and plant and animal pests and diseases. The article discusses stakeholders, institutions, and main developments in agricultural meteorology, and describes how the agenda of agricultural meteorology has shifted over time. At the beginning of the 20th century, research in agricultural meteorology focused on increasing the profitability of farming. In the 21st century, instead, the main goal of agricultural meteorology is to ensure food security and guarantee sustainability.

Application of Smart Techniques, Internet of Things and Data Mining for Resource Use Efficient and Sustainable Crop Production

“…In fact, the IoT is the combination of modern technologies that has the potential to provide modern solutions to agricultural problems [8]. Additionally, with the help of data mining technologies [11], a large number of datasets, either agronomical [12], genomics [13], or meteorological [14], are partitioned into useful information to make easy and efficient decision making [15] in order to make farming activities more precise and efficient. Climaticor soil-related data in smart agriculture and farming is obtained using sensors [16], and then automatic processing of this big data is carried out with the help of modern methods and analysis tools, such as machine learning [17], spike and slab regression analysis, and time-series analysis [18].…”

Production function in agriculture in the Czech Republic

“…Low yields of crops gradually lead to growing food prices (Lambert et al, 2021). By selecting the proper types of crops, agriculture can contribute to soil protection and mitigate climatic changes (Parolini, 2022).…”

“…Earnings are not determined by production factors only. According to Parolini (2022), agricultural production is also influenced by weather and climatic factors. Agricultural companies are thus at risk of being unprofitable under adverse climatic conditions (Priyanka et al, 2019;Gavurova et al 2017a).…”

Agronomic practices toward coffee sustainability. A review

“…Mankind has succeeded in producing food crops by developing technologies that improve the plant performance of, for example, irrigation and fertilizers (Pretty, 2008). Meteorological advances have also helped agriculture scientists study the impact of weather and climate on crops and oriented farmers about several measures, from sowing to harvest (Parolini, 2022). Technologies available now and the many to come are essential for keeping food production in line with a global population that is estimated to grow from 7.7 billion to 9.7 billion people by 2050 and nearly 11 billion circa 2100 (United Nations, 2022).…”