Weathering processes in the Ganges–Brahmaputra basin and the riverine alkalinity budget

Galy, Αlbert; France‐Lanord, Christian

doi:10.1016/s0009-2541(99)00033-9

Cited by 595 publications

(478 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…These observations suggest the evaporite weathering and pyrite oxidation make large contributions to the TDS. Compared with other world rivers, the TDS of study rivers are relatively higher, averaging 269 mg/l, which is 2 times higher than that of the Brahmaputra (110 mg/l) (Singh et al 2005) and *1.5 times of the Indus Rivers (164 mg/l) (Karim and Veizer 2000) and the Ganges (130 mg/l) (Galy and France-Lanord 1999). While it is very similar to that of the Upper Huang He (274 mg/l) (Wu et al 2005), it is lower than that of the rivers originating in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Wu et al 2008a).…”

Section: Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…The direct method is a simple budget to apportion a chemical signature to each rock type by a series of steps (Gao et al 2009;Meybeck 1987;Roy et al 1999). To estimate the relative contribution of the different sources of the solutes, here, we apply the direct method suggested by Galy and France-Lanord (1999) with suitable assumptions. The budget equation for any element X in rivers can be written as follows:…”

Section: Sources Of Solutesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, the chemistry of rain water is primarily derived from sea salt aerosols and dissolution of continental dust (Galy and France-Lanord 1999). Since the catchment of middle and upper reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo is relatively far from marine influence, rainwater data derived from literature are used (Table 3) (Zhang et al 2003).…”

Section: Atmospheric Inputmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anthropogenic activity can modify the chemistry of river water (Galy and France-Lanord 1999). The middle reaches of the main river and the tributaries-Nyang Qu and Lhasa River are the integrated development areas for agriculture.…”

Section: Contribution From Anthropogenic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrochemistry of the middle and upper reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo River system: weathering processes and CO2 consumption

et al. 2015

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The study focuses on the chemical compositions of the river waters in the middle and upper reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo river system. Samples were collected in two periods along the river system to analyze the spatiotemporal variation characteristics and to determine the weathering processes and CO 2 consumption. The results show that the chemical facies of river waters are dominated by Ca-HCO 3 type and the TDS values cover a wide range of 98.2-619.8 mg/l with an average value of 268.6 mg/l, which is higher than that of the global river waters. There are three major reservoirs (carbonates, evaporites, and silicates) contributing to the major ions, and the predominances of the reservoirs of different rivers show spatial heterogeneity. The chemical weathering rates of silicates and carbonates are 3.43 and 4.49 t/km 2 /year, respectively. Overall, the middle and upper reaches of Yarlung Tsangpo are responsible for 0.3 and 0.16 % of global atmospheric CO 2 consumption by silicates (1.7 9 10 5 mol/ km 2 /year) and carbonates (1.27 9 10 5 mol/km 2 /year), respectively. In addition, the chemical weathering fluxes of the catchments consume atmospheric CO 2 of 0.5456 Tg C/year, accounting for 0.14 % of the total organic carbon flux to the oceans by rivers globally.

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Section: Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Sources Of Solutesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Atmospheric Inputmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Contribution From Anthropogenic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrochemistry of the middle and upper reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo River system: weathering processes and CO2 consumption

et al. 2015

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“…Dominance of calcium and sodium among base cations and the dominance of sulfate and alkalinity mainly as bicarbonate among anions suggest that dissolution of carbonate and aluminosilicate coupled with sulfide oxidation within the basin appeared as a dominant geochemical process which controls the major solutes. Sulfide oxidation coupled with carbonate dissolution has been observed in subglacial drainage basins within Himalaya and other glacierized basins of the world (Tranter and Raiswell 1991;Bartarya 1993;Tranter et al 1993;Fairchild et al 1994;Galy and France-Lanord 1999;Hasnain and Thayyen 1999;Pandey et al 1999;Chen et al 2002;Hodson et al 2002;Millot et al 2003;Bhatt et al 2000Bhatt et al , 2008Bhatt et al , 2009Bhatt et al , 2014aWolff-Boenisch et al 2009). …”

Section: Hypothesis 3: Weathering Extent and Controlling Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry of Supraglacial Ponds in the Debris-Covered Area of Lirung Glacier in Central Nepal Himalayas

2015

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Glacial meltwater samples were collected from 15 supraglacial ponds at elevations ranging between 3989 and 4292 m above sea level in the debris-covered area of Lirung glacier in central Nepal Himalayas, from November 2010 to October 2011 on a bimonthly basis. We examined elevation trends, and their control by seasonality, dominant geochemical processes, and seasonal dynamics in these supraglacial ponds. Concentration of some parameters showed a decreasing trend with elevation but with high variability and modulation by seasons, being more prevalent in the post-monsoon. Sulfate is the only parameter showing significant elevation trends regardless of the season, although the trend is also affected by the monsoon. The concentrations of major chemical solutes were highest during post-monsoon season and lower in the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons, indicating influence of seasonality on dissolution, dilution, and hydrological processes. Contribution to chemical loads from marine aerosols to these pond water appeared to be minor except for sodium and magnesium. Chemical weathering of carbonate and silicate minerals fueled by dissolution of pyrite appeared as the dominant geochemical processes.

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Rain and Rocks: The Recipe for River Water Chemistry

Islam

2004

Water Encyclopedia

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Aerosols are the primary source of chemical elements transported by rainwater, which are removed from the atmosphere by rainout or by washout. Atmospheric aerosols (sea salt, crustal dust, and biogenic aerosols) have been found as the major sources of dissolved species in river water. Dissolved components from rainwater come from those originating from sea salt aerosols; from those originating from terrestrial aerosols (soil dust, biological emissions); and from those originating from anthropogenic sources (industry, agriculture, burning of fossil fuels, etc.). Along with the geological characterization of the watershed, meteorological parameters are critically important in evaluating rainfall effects.

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Weathering processes in the Ganges–Brahmaputra basin and the riverine alkalinity budget

Cited by 595 publications

References 48 publications

Hydrochemistry of the middle and upper reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo River system: weathering processes and CO2 consumption

Hydrochemistry of the middle and upper reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo River system: weathering processes and CO2 consumption

Chemistry of Supraglacial Ponds in the Debris-Covered Area of Lirung Glacier in Central Nepal Himalayas

Rain and Rocks: The Recipe for River Water Chemistry

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