Weed growth and crop yield loss in wheat as influenced by row spacing and weed emergence times

Fahad, Shah; Hussain, Saddam; Chauhan, Bhagirath Singh; Saud, Shah; Wu, Chao; Hassan, Shah; Tanveer, Mohsin; Jan, Amanullah; Huang, Jikun

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2015.02.005

Cited by 100 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…According to Boström et al [5], doubling the row space from 120 mm to 240 mm, however, reduces grain yields in cereals by 12-16%. These findings are supported by Fahad et al [6], who stated that narrow row spacings lead to an increase in yield compared to wide row spacings. Moreover, narrowly seeded cereals can better suppress weed infestation compared to wider sowing [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Adjustment of Weed Hoeing to Narrowly Spaced Cereals

et al. 2018

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Weed hoeing can be successfully performed in wide row crops, such as sugar beet, maize, soybean and wide spaced cereals. However, little experience is available for hoeing in narrow cereal row spaces below 200 mm. Yet, mechanical weed control can pose an alternative to herbicide applications by reducing the herbicide resistant populations present in the field. In this experiment, it was investigated whether hoeing is feasible in cereals with 150 and 125 mm row spacings. The trial was set up at two locations (Ihinger Hof and Kleinhohenheim) in southwest Germany. Three different conventional hoeing sweeps, a goosefoot sweep, a no-till sweep and a down-cut side knife were adjusted to the small row widths, and hoeing was performed once with a tractor and a standard hoeing frame which was guided by a second human operator. The average grain yield, crop and weed biomass, and weed control efficacy of each treatment were recorded. The goosefoot and no-till sweep were tested at driving speeds of 4 and 6 km·h −1 . The down-cut side knife was applied at 4 km·h −1 . The results indicate that hoeing caused no yield decrease in comparison to a conventional herbicide application or manual weeding. The highest yield with a mechanical treatment was recorded for the no-till sweeps at both trial locations. Hoeing was performed successfully in narrowly spaced cereals of 150 and 125 mm, and the weed control efficacy of the mechanical treatments ranged from 50.9% at Kleinhohenheim to 89.1% at Ihinger Hof. Future experiments are going to focus on more distinct driving speeds ranging from 2 to 10 km·h −1 and performing more than one pass with the hoe. Additionally, combining the mechanical weeding tools with a camera-steered hoeing frame could increase accuracy, allow for higher working speeds and substitute the second human operator guiding the hoe.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Adjustment of Weed Hoeing to Narrowly Spaced Cereals

et al. 2018

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“…High plant densities can accelerate canopy development and consequently weed suppression resulting in low competition between weed and maize for water and nutrients, which are vital for maize growth under semiarid or any environmental conditions. Additionally, physical plant attributes can lead to a viable competition against weeds, such as early canopy closure (Bajwa, Walsk, & Chauhan, 2017;Fahad et al, 2015;Weerarathne, Marambe, & Chauhan, 2017). Another interesting point is, according to the results observed, we can assume that economic and environmental trends could be solved because of reducing herbicides applications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Phytosociology and Behavior of Weeds in Maize as Influenced by Spatial Arrangements

Mendes¹,

Filho²,

Pereira³

et al. 2018

JAS

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Using the right spatial arrangement is a sustainable way to prevent or at least delay the emergence of weeds in the crop production. This study evaluated the influence of row spacing and plant density of maize on weed control based on the phytosociological survey. It was conducted on an Oxisol textured medium in a 400 m 2 area under semiarid conditions. The hybrid maize 30F53YH was managed under a no-till cropping system with three types of row spacing ( , and 8.0 plants m -2 ). The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with four replications in a factorial arrangement 3 × 3. The phytosociological survey of the weeds was randomly performed four times in each subplot, using the inventory square (0.5 m × 0.5 m). The collected data were analyzed using the R statistical program. Among the specimen's families identified on the field, three of them need to be highlighted due to its high values of density, frequency, and dominance. These families were Fabaceae, Poaceae, and Amaranthaceae. Also, it was identified that the Leucaena leucocephala species may be classified as a weed, as it acted as an invasive species on maize. The weed control was greatly influenced by the interaction of both parameters rather than only row spacing or the plant density factor. The results showed that the reduced spacing and high crop population decreased the presence of weeds in the maize crop.

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“…In addition to the climatic treatments, biological interactions may also affect the crop yield (see Gagic et al., ). Non‐crop plants are competitors for space and resources with the crop (Fahad et al., ). Sitobion avenae and Metopolophium dirhodum are aphid species feeding on the wheat, which may alter the yield (van Emden & Harrington, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate warming alters the structure of farmland tritrophic ecological networks and reduces crop yield

et al. 2018

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It is unclear how sustained increases in temperature and changes in precipitation, as a result of climate change, will affect crops and their interactions with agricultural weeds, insect pests and predators, due to the difficulties in quantifying changes in such complex relationships. We simulated the combined effects of increasing temperature (by an average of 1.4°C over a growing season) and applying additional rainwater (10% of the monthly mean added weekly, 40% total) using a replicated, randomized block experiment within a wheat crop. We examined how this affected the structure of 24 quantitative replicate plant–aphid–parasitoid networks constructed using DNA‐based methods. Simulated climate warming affected species richness, significantly altered consumer–resource asymmetries and reduced network complexity. Increased temperature induced an aphid outbreak, but the parasitism rates of aphids by parasitoid wasps remained unchanged. It also drove changes in the crop, altering in particular the phenology of the wheat as well as its quality (i.e., fewer, lighter seeds). We discuss the importance of considering the wider impacts of climate change on interacting species across trophic levels in agroecosystems.

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Weed growth and crop yield loss in wheat as influenced by row spacing and weed emergence times

Cited by 100 publications

References 38 publications

Adjustment of Weed Hoeing to Narrowly Spaced Cereals

Adjustment of Weed Hoeing to Narrowly Spaced Cereals

Phytosociology and Behavior of Weeds in Maize as Influenced by Spatial Arrangements

Climate warming alters the structure of farmland tritrophic ecological networks and reduces crop yield

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