Weed seed in dairy manure depends on collection site

Cudney, D; Wright, Steven D.; Shultz, T. A.; Reints, J. S.

doi:10.3733/ca.v046n03p31

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Composting, moreover, did not increase weed biomass in relation to controls, despite the potential introduction of seeds in the compost. Similar results were reported by Cudney et al. (1992), Tiquia and Tam (1998), Tompkins et al.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Fertilisation and weed control effects on yield and weeds in durum wheat grown under rain‐fed conditions in a Mediterranean climate

García-Martín¹,

López‐Bellido²,

Coleto³

2007

Weed Research

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Summary A field study was undertaken to examine the effect of fertiliser type and weed control system on grain yield, yield components and weed population in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum. var. durum) grown in a 4‐year rotation [bare fallow–barley (Hordeum vulgare)–vetch (Vicia sativa)–wheat]. Fertilisation treatments were: no fertilisation, organic fertilisation with 2500 kg ha−1 of compost (sheep manure and cereal straw) and chemical fertilisation with 100–60–60 kg ha−1 of NPK. Weed‐control treatments were: no control, herbicide, harrowing with long‐flex spring tines and strip sowing with inter‐row hoeing. Chemical fertilisation increased grain yield with respect to the other treatments, amongst which no significant differences were noted. Weed‐control systems afforded no improvement in yield compared with controls; indeed, yields obtained using inter‐row hoeing were lower. The weed population consisted of a large variety of species, of which the most important were Convolvulus arvensis and Polygonum aviculare. Application of weed‐control systems reduced weed density. Herbicide was the most effective, reducing weed biomass by 80%, whilst harrowing and hoeing reduced weed biomass by 40% and 52% respectively. Inter‐row hoeing does not appear to be a viable alternative to herbicides, when used as the sole weed control method in a non‐diverse cropping system in Mediterranean climates. The lack of response to compost suggests a need for further long‐term research.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Fertilisation and weed control effects on yield and weeds in durum wheat grown under rain‐fed conditions in a Mediterranean climate

García-Martín¹,

López‐Bellido²,

Coleto³

2007

Weed Research

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“…Pleasant and Schlather, 1994). Cudney et al (1992) germinated weed seeds present in manure from five dairies in California and found viable numbers of up to 19 730 seeds Mg −1 , depending on collection site. They recognized that this was only a fraction of the total number, due to dormancy.…”

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confidence: 99%

Weed Seed Viability in Composted Beef Cattle Feedlot Manure

2003

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Manure composting has gained increased acceptance by the beef cattle (Bos taurus) feedlot industry in southern Alberta, Canada. Unlike fresh manure, compost is often promoted as being "weed-free." Studies were conducted with five weed species in 1997 and thirteen in 1999 to examine the effect of feedlot manure composting on weed seed viability. Weed seeds were buried in open-air compost windrows and recovered at various times during the thermophilic phase of composting. Windrow temperature and water contents were also measured. Germinability was zero for all composted weed seeds at all sampling times in 1997. However, some seeds remained viable (positive tetrazolium test denoting respiration) on Day 70. In 1999, only one of the thirteen species retained germinability on Day 21 and only two species had respiring seeds on Day 42. Time-viability relationships during composting were defined by exponential decay models. Lethal temperatures to eliminate viability was species-dependent. In 1999, four weed species were killed in the initial 7 d of composting at a lethal temperature of 39 degrees C while temperatures of > 60 degrees C were required for two species. Regression analysis on weed seed viability versus windrow temperature resulted in significant R2 values, which showed that only 17 to 29% of the variation in viability was accounted for by temperature. The lack of definitive relationships between temperature and weed seed viability demonstrated that factors other than temperature may play a role in eliminating weed seeds during composting.

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“…Pleasant and Schlather (1994) recovered viable seeds from 13 grasses and 35 broadleaf plants in dairy manure samples collected from 20 farms. Cudney et al (1992) recovered more than 21,000 viable weed seeds per ton of sediment from dairy manure handling facilities and reported that anaerobic storage did not have a significant impact on seed viability.…”

Section: Seeding Micro-sites and Seed Contact With Manurementioning

confidence: 99%

Manure Slurry-Enriched Micro-Site Seeding of Biosuppressive Covers

Harrigan¹,

Mutch

Snapp³

2006

Applied Engineering in Agriculture

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There is increasing interest among growers in novel establishment systems for cover crops that can rehabilitate and protect soil. Cropping intensification has led to yield declines, compacted and poor quality soil, and increased pest problems. Cover crops in the Brassica (mustard) family offer benefits in soil conservation, improvement in soil quality, reduction in nitrate leaching, and suppression of certain pests and soil borne fungal diseases. Establishment of cover crops by conventional methods following harvest presents a significant challenge as soil is generally dry, compacted, uneven, and far from an ideal environment for seed germination. An alternative method, manure slurry-enriched micro-site seeding, incorporates aeration tillage, manure application, and seeding in a single operation. The objective of this work was to evaluate manure slurry-enriched micro-site seeding of cover crops by assessing stand establishment and biomass yield of oilseed radish and oriental mustard. The species were chosen for contrasting seed size, thus allowing evaluation of how small versus medium seeded brassica respond to aeration tillage, manure application, and seeding done in a single efficient 'manure slurry-enriched micro-site seeding' operation. Results of field trials in 2004 and 2005 were consistent with the new manure slurry seeding process as an efficient and effective cover crop establishment method. Compared to direct-drilling, manure slurry seeded plant stands (plants m-2) were significantly less (a = 0.10) in five of seven comparisons but biomass yields (kg ha-1) were similar because individual plant biomass was up to six times greater with manure slurry seeding. Biomass (aboveground and total) of manure slurry seeded plants was significantly greater in two of seven comparisons and there were no instances when the conventionally seeded crops yielded significantly more than the manure slurry seeded crops. Seed size did not affect the success of the manure slurry seeding method.

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Weed seed in dairy manure depends on collection site

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Fertilisation and weed control effects on yield and weeds in durum wheat grown under rain‐fed conditions in a Mediterranean climate

Fertilisation and weed control effects on yield and weeds in durum wheat grown under rain‐fed conditions in a Mediterranean climate

Weed Seed Viability in Composted Beef Cattle Feedlot Manure

Manure Slurry-Enriched Micro-Site Seeding of Biosuppressive Covers

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