Weight change in control group participants in behavioural weight loss interventions: a systematic review and meta-regression study

Waters, L.; George, Alexis B St; Chey, Tien; Bauman, Adrian

doi:10.1186/1471-2288-12-120

Cited by 35 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…The lack of a concurrent comparison group does not permit a direct comparison of the current results to weight losses of individuals receiving a programme that used traditional (full) self‐monitoring or to a no‐treatment control group. In a meta‐regression of the weight losses of no‐treatment control groups used in 72 weight management trials, the random effect combined weight change for the control group was −0.1 kg (95% CI: −0.4, 0.1) and not statistically significantly different from zero 47 . Therefore, it is unlikely that the effect size of the treatment would be diminished by the inclusion of a no‐treatment control group in this trial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Examination of a partial dietary self‐monitoring approach for behavioral weight management

Tate

Quesnel

Lutes

et al. 2020

Obesity Science & Practice

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Summary Introduction Dietary self‐monitoring in behavioral weight loss programmes traditionally involves keeping track of all foods and beverages to achieve a calorie deficit. While effective, adherence declines over time. WW™ (formerly Weight Watchers), a widely available commercial weight management programme, sought to pilot an approach that permitted participants to consume over 200 foods without monitoring them. Methods The current study used a pre‐post evaluation design with anthropometric, psychosocial and physical health assessments at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Results Participants (N = 152) were, on average, 48.4 (±12.3) years old, with body mass index (BMI) of 32.8 (±4.8) m/kg2 and 94% female. Mean weight loss was 6.97 + 5.55 kg or 7.9 ± 6.1% of initial body weight (ps < .0001) at 6 months. One third (32.6%) of the sample lost 10% or more of initial body weight. Significant improvements in hunger, cravings, happiness, sleep, quality of life, aerobic stamina, flexibility and blood pressure were observed. Attendance at group meetings, as well as decreases in hunger, and fast food cravings from baseline to 3 months were associated with achieving 10% weight loss at 6 months (p < .01). Conclusions Using an approach that does not require self‐monitoring of all foods and beverages produced significant weight losses and other physical and psychosocial improvements.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Examination of a partial dietary self‐monitoring approach for behavioral weight management

Tate

Quesnel

Lutes

et al. 2020

Obesity Science & Practice

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A possible reason the same effect was not observed in males is that males have been found to be less concerned about the negative effects of weight gain than women (32)(33)(34). This may have been exacerbated by giving the controls scales, allowing them to see the consequence of their eating behaviors during the first semester, similar to how the control condition in weight loss interventions may prevent expected weight gain (35) and how weight control is enhanced when people know they are being observed (36)(37)(38)(39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Frequent Self‐Weighing with Electronic Graphic Feedback to Prevent Age‐Related Weight Gain in Young Adults

Bertz

Pacanowski

Levitsky

2015

Obesity

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Background Young adults display substantial weight gain. Preventing this age-related weight gain would reduce overweight and obesity. Objective We evaluated an internet based intervention using Internet-connected scales and graphic email feedback; the Caloric Titration Method (CTM), to reduce age-related weight gain over the course of 1 y among first-year college students. Design First-year college students (n=167) were randomized to (CTM) or control (C) group. Both groups were provided Internet-connected scales. CTM group was instructed to weigh daily, view a weight graph emailed to them after weighing, and try to maintain their weight as indicated in the graph. The C group could weigh at any time, but did not receive feedback. At six months and 1 year the C group were notified to provide weights. Intention to treat analysis, using a mixed model adjusted for baseline weight, BMI and gender was used to analyze the effect of the intervention. Results Baseline Body Mass Index was 22.9 ± 3.0 kg/m2. Frequency of self-weighing (median) was 5 times/week in the CTM group, compared to 1 time/week in C (p<0.001). Ninety-five percent of the CTM participants weighed ≥3 times/week, compared to 15% in C group (p<0.001). After 1 year the C group had gained 1.1 ± 4.4 kg whereas the CTM group lost 0.5 ± 3.7 kg, yielding a significant overall time*group interaction (F=3.39, p=0.035). The difference in weight change between the two groups at 1 year was significant (p=0.004). Weight change of the CTM group was not different from zero whereas weight gain in C group was significant. Retention was 81%. Conclusions The internet based frequent self-weighing CTM system was effective in preventing age-related weight gain in young adults over one year and thus offers promise to reduce overweight and obesity.

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“…Both groups reflect the demographics of participants which are commonly found in behavioral weight loss interventions using a variety of different dietary approaches (Dansinger, Gleason, Griffith, Selker, & Schaefer, 2005; Sacks, et al, 2009; Waters, George, Chey, & Bauman, 2012). While these studies reflect the populations of other behavioral weight loss studies, it points to the fact that more needs to be done to increase diversity of study participant populations including ages, ethnicities, and education levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the type of weight loss diet affect who participates in a behavioral weight loss intervention? A comparison of participants for a plant-based diet versus a standard diet trial

2014

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Studies have found that people following plant-based eating styles, such as vegan or vegetarian diets, often have different demographic characteristics, eating styles, and physical activity (PA) levels than individuals following an omnivorous dietary pattern. There has been no research examining if there are differences in these characteristics among people who are willing to participate in a weight loss intervention using plant-based dietary approaches as compared to a standard reduced calorie approach, which doesn’t exclude food groups. The present study compared baseline characteristics (demographics, dietary intake, eating behaviors (Eating Behavior Inventory), and PA (Paffenbarger Physical Activity Questionnaire)) of participants enrolling in two different 6-month behavioral weight loss studies: the mobile Pounds Off Digitally (mPOD) study, which used a standard reduced calorie dietary approach and the New Dietary Interventions to Enhance the Treatments for weight loss (New DIETs) study, which randomized participants to follow one of five different dietary approaches (vegan, vegetarian, pesco-vegetarian, semi-vegetarian, or omnivorous diets). There were no differences in baseline demographics with the exception of New DIETs participants being older (48.5 ± 8.3 years vs. 42.9 ± 11.2, P=0.001) and having a higher Body Mass Index (BMI, 35.2 ± 5.3 kg/m2 vs. 32.6 ± 4.7 kg/m2, P=0.001) than mPOD participants. In age- and BMI-adjusted models, there were no differences in EBI scores or in any dietary variables, with the exception of vitamin C (85.6 ± 5.9 mg/d mPOD vs. 63.4 ± 7.4 mg/d New DIETs, P=0.02). New DIETs participants reported higher levels of intentional PA/day (180.0 ± 18.1 kcal/d) than mPOD participants (108.8 ± 14.4 kcal/d, P=0.003), which may have been the result of New DIETs study recommendations to avoid increasing or decreasing PA during the study. The findings of this study demonstrate that using plant-based dietary approaches for weight loss intervention studies does not lead to a population which is significantly different from who enrolls in a standard, behavioral weight loss study using a reduced calorie dietary approach.

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Weight change in control group participants in behavioural weight loss interventions: a systematic review and meta-regression study

Cited by 35 publications

References 98 publications

Examination of a partial dietary self‐monitoring approach for behavioral weight management

Examination of a partial dietary self‐monitoring approach for behavioral weight management

Frequent Self‐Weighing with Electronic Graphic Feedback to Prevent Age‐Related Weight Gain in Young Adults

Does the type of weight loss diet affect who participates in a behavioral weight loss intervention? A comparison of participants for a plant-based diet versus a standard diet trial

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