Weight, Volume, and Center of Mass of Segments of the Human Body

Clauser, Charles E.; McConville, John T.; Young, Joseph W.

doi:10.21236/ad0710622

Cited by 738 publications

(425 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Segment mass, segment center of mass and inertias of the hand were computed according to methods previously reported. 10 In this model, body segments were considered as rigid bodies with revolution geometries of uniform constant density. The analysis was focused on the shoulder and did not consider the movements of the scapula, clavicle and thoracic spine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shoulder joint kinetics during wheelchair propulsion on a treadmill at two different speeds in spinal cord injury patients

et al. 2009

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Study design: Prospective study using biomechanics patient data. Objectives: To analyze shoulder joint kinetics while propelling a wheelchair placed on a treadmill and compare shoulder joint net forces and moments when changing the speed of wheelchair propulsion on the treadmill. Setting: National Hospital for Spinal Cord Injury, Toledo, Spain. Methods: Sixteen subjects with thoracic spinal cord injury participated. A kinematic analysis system consisting of four camcorders (Kinescan-IBV) and a kinetic device that registered the contact force of the hand on the pushrim (SMART Wheel ) were used. The wheelchair was propelled at 3 and 4 km h À1 without any ramp. An inverse dynamic model allowed shoulder joint net forces and moments to be calculated from the contact force of the hand on the pushrim and kinematic data. Results: Increasing propulsion speed increased most of the temporal parameters of propulsion and pushrim kinetics and shoulder joint net forces and moments. Compared with other studies that used an ergometer or dynamometer at the same speed, the magnitude of the shoulder joint net forces and moments elicited by wheelchair propulsion on the treadmill were lower than obtained by wheelchair propulsion on other devices. Conclusion: Lower magnitude of shoulder joint forces and moments found on the treadmill may be due to the lower friction compared with the other devices reviewed. Shoulder joint forces and moments depended strongly on the propulsion speed, increasing in magnitude when speed increased from 3 to 4 km h À1 .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shoulder joint kinetics during wheelchair propulsion on a treadmill at two different speeds in spinal cord injury patients

et al. 2009

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“…Segmental inertial properties were estimated using regression equations based on subject specific anthropometrics [13]. In this model the movement at the ankle joint was ignored.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knee and hip kinetics during normal stair climbing

2002

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Understanding joint kinetics during activities of daily living furthers our understanding of the factors involved in joint pathology and the effects of treatment. In this study, we examined hip and knee joint kinetics during stair climbing in 35 young healthy subjects using a subject-specific knee model to estimate bone-on-bone tibiofemoral and patello-femoral joint contact forces. The net knee forces were below one body weight while the peak posterior-anterior contact force was close to one body weight. The peak distal-proximal contact force was on average 3 times body weight and could be as high as 6 times body weight. These contact forces occurred at a high degree of knee flexion where there is a smaller joint contact area resulting in high contact stresses. The peak knee adduction moment was 0.42 (0.15) N m/kg while the flexion moment was 1.16 (0.24) N m/kg. Similar peak moment values, but different curve profiles, were found for the hip. The hip and knee posterio-anterior shear forces and the knee flexion moment were higher during stair climbing than during level walking. The most striking difference between stair ascent and level walking was that the peak patello-femoral contact force was 8 times higher during stair ascent. These data can be used as baseline measures in pathology studies, as input to theoretical joint models, and as input to mechanical joint simulators.

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“…The model was dimensioned to represent a male subject with a height of 180 cm and a mass of 75 kg. Musculoskeletal geometry was based on the work of Delp [27] and seg ment masses and inertial properties were determined using regression equations [28,29].…”

Section: Musculoskeletal Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%