Weightlifting derivatives vs. plyometric exercises: Effects on unloaded and loaded vertical jumps and sprint performance

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of weightlifting derivatives (WL) and plyometric exercises (PLYO) on unloaded and loaded vertical jumps and sprint performance. Initially, 45 resistance-trained men underwent a 4-week WL learning period. Then, the participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups (WL (n = 15), PLYO (n = 15), and control group (CG) (n = 15)) and followed a training period of 8 weeks. The WL group performed exercises to stimulate the entire force-velocity profile, while the PLYO group performed exercises with an emphasis in vertical- and horizontal-oriented. The CG did not perform any exercise. Pre- and post-training assessments included peak power output (PPO) and jump height (JH) in the squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), CMJ with 60% and 80% of the body mass (CMJ60% and CMJ80%, respectively), and mean sprinting speeds over 5, 10, 20, and 30 m distances. From pre- to post-training, PLYO significantly increased (p≤0.05) PPO and JH in the SJ, PPO during CMJ, and PPO and JH in the CMJ60%; however, no significant changes were observed in JH during CMJ, and PPO and JH in the CMJ80%. For WL and CG, no significant changes were observed in the unloaded and loaded vertical jumps variables. PLYO also resulted in significant improvements (p≤0.05) for 5, 10, and 20 m sprint speeds, but not for 30 m. For WL and CG, no significant changes were observed for all sprint speeds. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that PLYO was more effective than a technically-oriented WL program to improve unloaded and loaded vertical jumps and sprint performance.

Resistance Training Practices of Brazilian Olympic Sprint and Jump Coaches: Toward a Deeper Understanding of Their Choices and Insights (Part III)

“…In this regard, the latter clearly emphasizes the importance that coaches give and devote to weightlifting and derivatives during the resistance training prescription. Nonetheless, there are several aspects that need to be analyzed when selecting and prescribing these exercises: (1) the technical competency of athletes to execute the lifts, individually and as a group; (2) the previous experience of athletes with these techniques; (3) the time needed to properly teach these movements to athletes, ensuring they go through a progressive educational process from early childhood; and (4) the fact that, up to the present day, there is no clear evidence of the superiority of Olympic weightlifting over traditional resistance training involving different types of strength-power exercises ( Berton et al, 2022 ; Crenshaw et al, 2023 ; Morris et al, 2022 ).…”

Plyometric training for physical education university students

“…The plyometric training protocol has been compared with different training protocols in order to ana lyze the immediate differences in the performance of athletes [20]. Some studies have attempted to compare the benefits of plyometric train in g with those offered by weight training [21]. Comparisons have been made with many types of strength training [22] and even contrasted with isometric training [23].…”

Efeitos do treinamento com o hang power clean ou com o jump shrug sobre o desempenho do salto vertical, da velocidade de corrida e da mudança de direção

“…De fato, parece existir uma baixa relação entre a produção de potência vertical (eixo longitudinal) e potência horizontal observada na velocidade de corrida (eixo ântero-posterior)(REYES et al, 2018). Nesse sentido,Berton et al (2022) investigaram os efeitos da aplicação da potência em diferentes eixos por meio do grupo derivativos do LPO composto pelos exercícios hang power clean, high pull e mid-thigh pull (eixo longitudinal) e do grupo pliometria (eixo ântero-posterior) na velocidade de corrida.Após oito semanas de treinamento os resultados encontrados foram uma melhora superior no grupo pliometria nos 10m (2,6%) e 20m (1,6%) comparado com o grupo LPO o qual apresentou uma melhora de 1,0% nos 10m e de 0,2% nos 20m.Do mesmo modo, Suchomel et al (2020) compararam os efeitos dos exercícios derivativos do LPO no desempenho da velocidade de corrida e observaram uma melhora nos 10m (1,6%) e 20m (1,4%) no grupo onde o exercício JSH estava incluído, enquanto o grupo onde o HPC estava presente não apresentou melhora significante. O efeito negativo dos derivativos do LPO na velocidade de corrida, pode ser atribuído aos diferentes protocolos de treinamento, exercícios que foram utilizados e aplicação de potência vertical (eixo longitudinal).…”