Weitere Atomumwandlungen durch γ-Strahlen

Bothe, W.; Gentner, W.

doi:10.1007/bf01492271

Cited by 28 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The product nucleus, Ta 180 , goes over to Hf 180 largely by K electron capture; in this process either γ rays are emitted or by their internal conversion extranuclear electrons ejected." This half-life agrees with the presently adopted value of 8.152(6) h. Previously, Pool et al reported a half-life without a mass assignment [38] and the 20 min half-life measured by Bothe and Gentner [39] was evidently incorrect. 181…”

Section: 177 Tasupporting

confidence: 84%

Discovery of tantalum, rhenium, osmium, and iridium isotopes

Robinson

Thoennessen

2012

Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables

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Currently, thirty-eight tantalum, thirty-eight rhenium, thirty-nine osmium, and thirty-eight iridium, isotopes have been observed and the discovery of these isotopes is discussed here. For each isotope a brief synopsis of the first refereed publication, including the production and identification method, is presented.The discovery of tantalum, rhenium, osmium, and iridium isotopes is discussed as part of the series summarizing the discovery of isotopes, beginning with the cerium isotopes in 2009 [1]. Guidelines for assigning credit for discovery are (1) clear identification, either through decay-curves and relationships to other known isotopes, particle or γ-ray spectra, or unique mass and Z-identification, and (2) publication of the discovery in a refereed journal. The authors and year of the first publication, the laboratory where the isotopes were produced as well as the production and identification methods are discussed. When appropriate, references to conference proceedings, internal reports, and theses are included. When a discovery includes a half-life measurement the measured value is compared to the currently adopted value taken from the NUBASE evaluation [2] which is based on the ENSDF database [3]. In cases where the reported half-life differed significantly from the adopted half-life (up to approximately a factor of two), we searched the subsequent literature for indications that the measurement was erroneous. If that was not the case we credited the authors with the discovery in spite of the inaccurate half-life. All reported half-lives inconsistent with the presently adopted half-life for the ground state were compared to isomers half-lives and accepted as discoveries if appropriate following the criterium described above.Good examples why publications in conference proceedings should not be considered are 118 Tc and 120 Ru which had been reported as being discovered in a conference proceeding [4] but not in the subsequent refereed publication [5]. The initial literature search was performed using the databases ENSDF [3] and NSR [6] of the National Nuclear Data Center at Brookhaven National Laboratory. These databases are complete and reliable back to the early 1960's. For earlier references, several editions of the Table of Isotopes were used [7-12]. A good reference for the discovery of the stable isotopes was the second edition of Aston's book "Mass Spectra and Isotopes" [13].

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Section: 177 Tasupporting

confidence: 84%

Discovery of tantalum, rhenium, osmium, and iridium isotopes

Robinson

Thoennessen

2012

Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables

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“…It was excited by shining a beam of photons on a target ( [78,79], see also [80][81][82]). Even before then, it was recognized [83] that a mean excitation frequency for dipole absorption could be derived from the nuclear polarizability with the help of the symmetry energy in the mass formula [84].…”

Section: Soft E1-modes and Pairingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pygmy resonances: what’s in a name?

Broglia¹,

Barranco²,

Idini³

et al. 2019

Phys. Scr.

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The centroid, width and percentage of energy weighted sum rule of dipole resonances can be strongly affected by dynamical fluctuations and static deformations of the nuclear surface, deformations and fluctuations which, in turn, depend on pairing, and thus on Cooper pairs. Because of angular momentum conservation, such insight is restricted, to lowest order, to deformations of quadrupole and monopole arXiv:1806.09409v3 [nucl-th] 11 Apr 2019 type. The latter being closely connected with the neutron (excess) skin and thus with soft dipole modes. From the values (N − Z)/A ≈ 0.18, 0.21, and 0.45 for the nuclei 122 Sn, 208 Pb, and 11 Li, it is expected that the latter system, which is weakly bound by pairing effects (spatially extended single Cooper pair and odd proton acting as spectator), constitutes an attractive laboratory to study the properties of soft E1-modes and thus of isospin nuclear deformation. From the calculation of the full dipole response function in QRPA, discretizing the continuum in a spherical box of radius of 40 fm, one finds a GDR with centroid E x ≈ 24 MeV, width Γ ≈ 11 MeV and carrying 90% of the EWSR, and a low-lying collective resonance characterized by E X = 0.75 MeV, Γ = 0.5 MeV and 6.2% EWSR The wave function of the latter resonance is built out of about fifteen components (both protons and neutrons), typical of a collective mode. The transition densities indicate this soft E1-mode to be generated by surface density oscillation of the neutron skin (∆r np ≈ 1.71 fm)relative to an approximately isospin-saturated core. Through a detailed study of the full dipole response of 11 Li we will draw a comparison between the soft E1-mode of this halo nucleus and the PDR of heavy stable nuclei, pointing to the physical similarities and also to the basic differences.

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“…This half-life agrees with the presently adopted value of 21.03(5) h. The previous assignment of the 17 h half-life to 112 Pd [33,34] mentioned in the quote was credited with the discovery of 112 Pd because it was due to a mixture of two isotopes. 113…”

Section: Pdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the 1954 article, "A new isotope of palladium, 1.5-minute Pd 113 ", Hicks and Gilbert described the observation of 114 Pd and an isomeric state of 115 Pd, respectively. 116…”

Section: Pdmentioning

confidence: 99%