Weldability of a New Ni-Cu Welding Consumable for Joining Austenitic Stainless Steels

Millions of workers in the US and worldwide are exposed to complex, metal-rich welding fumes. Although welding is a crucial industrial process, the generated fumes are known to cause acute and chronic health effects when inhaled. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified welding fumes as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) in 2017, based on sufficient epidemiological evidence and limited evidence in animals, an upgrade from the former Group 2B (possibly carcinogenic to humans) classification. There is human evidence that both iron-abundant mild steel as well as chromium- and nickel-containing stainless steel welding fumes contribute to an increased risk of lung cancer. Recent animal studies show that welding fumes may act as lung tumor promoters, regardless of the presence or absence of potentially carcinogenic metals, such as chromium and nickel. The goal of this manuscript was to examine the pulmonary responses associated with welding fumes by reviewing a series of recent experimental animal studies that assessed the influence of welding fume metal composition (e.g., stainless steel versus mild steel welding fume) on markers of lung toxicity and tumor development. Additional in vivo laboratory studies are needed to further explore the association between welding and lung cancer and to help advance our understanding of a potential mechanistic link.

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“…(15) Ni alloys are becoming increasingly popular in welding as a potential alternative to Cr-containing materials. (16)…”

Section: Welding Processes and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of welding fume metal composition on lung toxicity and tumor formation in experimental animal models

Zeidler-Erdely

Falcone

Antonini

2019

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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“…Achieving the new PEL for chromium has not always been practical during repair or fabrication of stainless steel components in certain U.S. industries (e.g., shipbuilding), where welding in confined spaces is common (45). Achieving the new PEL for chromium has not always been practical during repair or fabrication of stainless steel components in certain U.S. industries (e.g., shipbuilding), where welding in confined spaces is common (45).…”

Section: Nickelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Effects Associated with Welding

Antonini

2014

Comprehensive Materials Processing

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“…Computational kinetic tools were used to predict the constitution of fume particles. The reader is referred to the PhD thesis by Sowards from the Ohio State University 110 for in depth analyses. In the following paragraph, brief overview of steps involved in the analyses and some example results are presented.…”

Section: Liquid-gas Equilibriummentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic and kinetic models for describing microstructure evolution during joining of metals and alloys

Babu

2009

International Materials Reviews

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An ability to predict weld microstructure is critical for introduction of new materials, as well as, optimization of existing materials. Complexity of weld microstructure evolution is related to interaction of phase stability, multicomponent diffusion, steep temperature gradients and morphological instabilities during rapid heating and cooling. In the past two decades, computational thermodynamic and kinetic models have been developed to predict these interactions in wide range of alloys. In the first section, a brief introduction of thermodynamic and kinetic models is given. Models for free energy of solid solution and compound phases, as a function of composition and temperature, are discussed. The underlying assumptions of kinetic models, including local equilibrium at the interface and conditions, are highlighted.In the second section, adoption of these models for predicting weld microstructure evolutions is demonstrated with practical examples from structural alloys. The examples focus on the phase transformations that may occur in liquid state (e.g. inclusion formation), during solidification (e.g. solidification range, phase selection, and segregation) and during solid-state transformations (e.g. growth and dissolution of second phases). In the third section, challenges and opportunities facing widespread use of these tools, as well as, validation using high-resolution and in-situ characterization tools are highlighted.

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Weldability of a New Ni-Cu Welding Consumable for Joining Austenitic Stainless Steels

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Influence of welding fume metal composition on lung toxicity and tumor formation in experimental animal models

Influence of welding fume metal composition on lung toxicity and tumor formation in experimental animal models

Health Effects Associated with Welding

Thermodynamic and kinetic models for describing microstructure evolution during joining of metals and alloys

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