Wendo Koshe Pumice: The latest Holocene silicic explosive eruption product of the Corbetti Volcanic System (Southern Ethiopia)

Rapprich, Vladislav; Žáček, Vladimír; Verner, Kryštof; Erban, Vojtěch; Goslar, Tomasz; Bekele, Yewubinesh; Legesa, Firdawok; Hroch, Tomáš; Hejtmánková, Petra

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.12.008

Cited by 38 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The volume of the CO6 lava coulee on Chabbi (0.47 km 3 ) is similar to the volume of the pyroclastic deposit of the WKYP (0.4 km 3 dense rock equivalent; Rapprich et al, ). WKYP was deposited at 2.3 ka and has been followed by four lava flows on Chabbi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…The obsidian coulees form large lobes in multiple directions as they radiate out from the source, with typical widths of 300-500 m. Typical runout distances are 2-3 km. The most recent obsidian coulee (CO6) is of similar magnitude (0.47 km 3 ; Table 3) to the Dense Rock Equivalent of WKYP (0.4 km 3 ; Rapprich et al, 2016). There are six mapped lava coulees associated with Chabbi-assuming a similar magnitude for each coulee,~2.4 km 3 of lava is accounted for.…”

Section: 1029/2018gc008085mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Volcanic activity in the MER has formed both silicic peralkaline “central” volcanoes and distributed mafic cones and lavas (e.g., B. Abebe et al, ; Gibson, ). The poorly known volcanoes of the MER have become the focus of much recent work (Aspinall et al, ; Fontijn et al, ; Hutchison et al, , Hutchison, Fusillo, et al, , Hutchison, Biggs, et al, , Hutchison, Pyle, et al, , Hutchison et al, ; Lloyd, Biggs, Wilks, et al, , Lloyd, Biggs, Birhanu, et al, ; Martin‐Jones et al, ; McNamara et al, ; Rapprich et al, ; Siegburg et al, ; Tadesse et al, ; Vye‐Brown et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abebe et al, 2007;Gibson, 1969). The poorly known volcanoes of the MER have become the focus of much recent work (Aspinall et al, 2011;Fontijn et al, 2018;Hutchison et al, 2015, Hutchison, Fusillo, et al, 2016, Lloyd, Biggs, Birhanu, et al, 2018Martin-Jones et al, 2017;McNamara et al, 2018;Rapprich et al, 2016;Siegburg et al, 2017;Tadesse et al, 2018;Vye-Brown et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introduction To Volcanism In Ethiopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Geomorphology, Structure, and Lava Flow Dynamics of Peralkaline Rift Volcanoes From High‐Resolution Digital Elevation Models

Hunt

Pyle

Mather

2019

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Detailed topographic data from volcanoes can yield key insights into the controls on volcanic activity as well as hazards. High‐resolution digital elevation models generated from remote sensing data enable comparison of the geomorphology and structure of large and inaccessible volcanoes. We present new topographic data for three peralkaline volcanoes in the Main Ethiopian Rift (Fentale, Corbetti, and Gedemsa) and one volcano in the Afar Rift (Dabbahu), combined with field observations, reveal previously unidentified post‐caldera deposits and craters. Vent and crater locations are aligned with rift‐parallel faults and also with rift‐cutting structures in a variety of orientations. Caldera shape is controlled by interaction with these structures. The relative frequency and type of eruption varies greatly between these volcanoes over the past 150 kyr. Gedemsa is now largely inactive; Fentale hosts deposits from many small volume eruptions (<0.1 km3); while Corbetti has produced several large eruptions (~0.4–0.5 km3). Morphometry of peralkaline rhyolite deposits at Corbetti and Fentale, including ogives and levees, provides constraints on rheology. Emplacement viscosities of ~108–1011 Pa s at Fentale are similar to or lower than calc‐alkaline rhyolites and consistent with experimental and theoretical studies. The observations presented here have significant implications for hazard assessment in the Ethiopian rift and highlight the importance of structural features in controlling the location, magnitude, and style of volcanic activity in the Main Ethiopian Rift.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: 1029/2018gc008085mentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction To Volcanism In Ethiopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Geomorphology, Structure, and Lava Flow Dynamics of Peralkaline Rift Volcanoes From High‐Resolution Digital Elevation Models

Hunt

Pyle

Mather

2019

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…There is also evidence of lower-magnitude postcaldera activity at the Tullu Fike complex immediately north of the caldera, which may be the source of late Quaternary pumice deposits located in the caldera walls (Fontijn et al, 2018;Mohr et al, 1980). It has produced several silicic Holocene eruptions, which have generated aphyric obsidian flows and/or pumice fall deposits and are documented in terrestrial sections and lake sediment cores up to 167 km from the volcano (Fontijn et al, 2018;Martin-Jones et al, 2017;Rapprich et al, 2016). It has produced several silicic Holocene eruptions, which have generated aphyric obsidian flows and/or pumice fall deposits and are documented in terrestrial sections and lake sediment cores up to 167 km from the volcano (Fontijn et al, 2018;Martin-Jones et al, 2017;Rapprich et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Lake Sediment Cores to Improve Records of Volcanism at Aluto Volcano in the Main Ethiopian Rift

McNamara

Cashman

Rust

et al. 2018

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Aluto is a silicic volcano in central Ethiopia, flanked by two large population centers and home to an expanding geothermal power plant. Here we present data from two lake sediment cores sampled 12 and 25 km from the volcano, which record at least 24 distinct eruptions in the Holocene. Tephra layers from the two cores are correlated using a variety of techniques, including major and trace element geochemistry as well as textural and morphological features from scanning electron microscopy‐backscatter electron imaging. The purpose is to provide a Holocene reference section for further tephrostratigraphic studies of the volcano as well as to provide information on eruption frequency. The lake cores suggest that Aluto has had a variable eruption rate, with three eruption clusters in the Holocene at ~3, 6.5, and 11 ka, with small Vulcanian‐to sub‐Plinian eruptions separated by larger, Plinian eruptions. We infer that the smaller tephras are likely the product of pumice cone‐ and dome‐forming eruptions. In addition, modern wind data suggest that the likely direction of an ash cloud from Aluto is to the west and south west, which is toward population centers and is in agreement with thickness data from the cores. We conclude that current records underestimate the volcano's eruptive history and that hazard assessments should be updated accordingly.

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Ground fissures within the Main Ethiopian Rift: Tectonic, lithological and piping controls

Valenta

Verner

Martínek

et al. 2021

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Ground fissures, especially if they open due to a sudden collapse of the surface, is a serious risk for populated areas. Their common occurrence in unconsolidated sediments of the Main Ethiopian Rift was found to be mostly a result of piping.The fissures start by piping in linear sub-horizontal underground voids, which often propagate upwards resulting in ceiling collapse and formation of deep and long ground fissures with vertical walls. In the southern and central Main Ethiopian Rift the fissures pose a serious risk to infrastructure and settlements. The ground fissures are often linear (up to several kilometres long and often tens of metres deep) and accompanied by sinkholes (along the length). A detailed field mapping of the geological (rock composition, orientation and character of lithological boundaries, primary fabrics and brittle structures) and geomorphological features (especially a length, width and depth of fissures, sinkholes and gullies) followed by in situ seismic anisotropy measurements and a laboratory determination of the geomechanical properties of volcanoclastic deposits was carried out to investigate the ground fissures' origin. The conditions and factors leading to the formation of the ground fissures have been linked to: (a) the presence of regional normal faults and the associated extensional joints and (b) the alternation of lithological units with contrasting hydraulic permeability. The latter corresponds to a sequence of less permeable hard rocks (e.g., rhyolitic ignimbrites) overlain by heterogeneous, soft and permeable, unconsolidated volcaniclastic deposits with a low amount of clay (less than 10%). The ground fissures' occurrence has shown affiliation to areas which have a significantly high seismic anisotropy (more than 20% at the study sites), which can be used as a proxy to map out high risk areas prone to piping and ground fissure formation.

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Wendo Koshe Pumice: The latest Holocene silicic explosive eruption product of the Corbetti Volcanic System (Southern Ethiopia)

Cited by 38 publications

References 40 publications

The Geomorphology, Structure, and Lava Flow Dynamics of Peralkaline Rift Volcanoes From High‐Resolution Digital Elevation Models

The Geomorphology, Structure, and Lava Flow Dynamics of Peralkaline Rift Volcanoes From High‐Resolution Digital Elevation Models

Using Lake Sediment Cores to Improve Records of Volcanism at Aluto Volcano in the Main Ethiopian Rift

Ground fissures within the Main Ethiopian Rift: Tectonic, lithological and piping controls

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