West nile virus encephalitis

Dean, James L.; Palermo, Brandon J.

doi:10.1007/s11908-005-0062-5

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In humans, 80% of infections are asymptomatic and nearly 20% cause a mild self‐limiting illness called WNV fever. CNS complications like encephalitis, meningitis, myelitis, radiculopathy, and peripheral neuropathy occurs in less than 1% of cases (50). Abnormal MRI findings have been reported in approximately one third of cases.…”

Section: Arthropod‐borne Viral Encephalitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging of central nervous system viral diseases

Gupta

Soni

Kumar

et al. 2012

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are commonly encountered and there has been continued emergence of new neurotropic viruses which are being frequently recognized. These may present clinically as encephalitis, meningitis, encephalomyelitis, and encephalomyeloradiculitis. The clinical manifestations are usually nonspecific and diagnosis is usually based on the laboratory investigations. Imaging plays a role in its early detection and at times suggests the specific diagnosis that may help in early institution of appropriate therapy. In this review, we summarize the pathology, clinical, and imaging features of the common viral infections that affect the CNS.

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Section: Arthropod‐borne Viral Encephalitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging of central nervous system viral diseases

Gupta

Soni

Kumar

et al. 2012

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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“…In an endemic region, approximately 20% of infected people will develop West Nile Fever and 1 in 150 infected will develop more severe clinical signs, including neurologic manifestations. 6 If the same ratios are true in equids, some mild cases of fever may have gone unrecognized in this herd because these ponies are minimally handled, although closely observed twice daily.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Passive Transfer of Naturally Acquired Specific Immunity against West Nile Virus to Foals in a Semi-Feral Pony Herd

Wilkins¹,

Glaser²,

McDonnell³

2006

J Vet Int Med

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Horses naturally exposed to West Nile Virus (WNV) or vaccinated against WNV develop humoral immunity thought to be protective against development of clinical disease in exposed or infected animals. No reports evaluate the efficacy of passive transfer of naturally acquired specific WNV humoral immunity from dam to foal. The purpose of this study was to investigate passive transfer of naturally acquired immunity to WNV to foals born in a herd of semi-feral ponies, not vaccinated against WNV, in an endemic area, with many dams having seroconverted because of natural exposure. Microwell serum neutralization titers against WNV were determined in all mares and foals. Serum IgG concentration was determined in foals by serial radial immunodiffusion. Differences in IgG concentration between seropositive and seronegative foals were examined by means of the Mann-Whitney U-test. Linear regression was used to evaluate the association between mare and foal titers. Seventeen mare-foal pairs were studied; 1 foal had inadequate IgG concentration. IgG concentration was not different between seronegative and seropositive foals (P = .24). Mare and foal titers were significantly correlated in foals with adequate passive transfer of immunity (Spearman's rho = .84; P < .001); >90% of the foal's titer was explained by the mare's titer (R2 = 0.91; P < .001). Passive transfer of specific immunity to WNV is present in pony foals with adequate passive transfer of immunity born to seroconverted mares.

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“…131,133 However, in humans, 80% of infections are asymptomatic, about 20% of the infections are present as an influenza-like disease whereas less than 1% of infections may cause disorders of CNS, with a mortality rate of 15%. 140 Promising experimental results have been obtained with interferon a and specific immunoglobulins' administrations. 128 A high degree of relative lymphopenia at the onset, elevation of serum ferritin, and advanced age of affected persons may predict an unfavourable evolution.…”

Section: Respiratory Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging and re‐emerging viral infections in Europe

Pugliese

Beltramo

Torre³

2006

Cell Biochemistry & Function

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Emerging viral infections are becoming a serious problem in Europe in the recent years. This is particularly true for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), West Nile virus (WNV) disease, Toscana virus (TOSV) disease, and potentially for avian influenza virus (H5N1). In contrast, emergence or re-emergence of severe viral infections, including tick borne encephalitis virus, and viral haemorrhagic fever caused by Hantavirus and dengue virus have been frequently reported in several European countries. Laboratory diagnosis of these viral infections based on viral isolation or detection by immune electron microscopy, immunoassay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has dramatically improved in the recent years, and SARS represents a good example of a diagnostic approach to emerging viral infections. Finally, old and new promising agents are in the pipeline of pharmaceutical companies to treat emerging viral infections. However only prevention based on large epidemiological studies, and research and development of new vaccines may be able to control and eventually eradicate these deadly viral infections.

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West nile virus encephalitis

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

Imaging of central nervous system viral diseases

Imaging of central nervous system viral diseases

Passive Transfer of Naturally Acquired Specific Immunity against West Nile Virus to Foals in a Semi-Feral Pony Herd

Emerging and re‐emerging viral infections in Europe

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