Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) field resistance to spinetoram in North Carolina

Bilbo, Tom R; Kennedy, George G.; Walgenbach, J. F.

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2022.106168

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…While this insecticide still continues to be effective against many insects, the emergence of resistance has been on the rise. For instance, moderate to high level spinosad resistance has been observed in multiple field populations of insect pests, including in tomato borer Tuta absoluta M. [8], onion thrips Thrips tabaci L. [9], olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae R. [10], diamondback moth Plutella xylostella L. [11], melon fly Zeugodacus cucurbitae C. [12], western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis P. [13] and Colorado potato beetle (CPB) Leptinotarsa decemlineata S. [14]. This is of great concern for the future of pest management strategies for crop protection, especially for organic farmers that exclusively rely on naturally-derived insecticides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of CYP9E2 and a long non-coding RNA gene in resistance to a spinosad insecticide in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata

Kaplanoglu,

Scott,

Vickruck

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Spinosads are insecticides used to control insect pests, especially in organic farming where limited tools for pest management exist. However, resistance has developed to spinosads in economically important pests, including Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata. In this study, we used bioassays to determine spinosad sensitivity of two field populations of CPB, one from an organic farm exposed exclusively to spinosad and one from a conventional farm exposed to a variety of insecticides, and a reference insecticide naïve population. We found the field populations exhibited significant levels of resistance compared with the sensitive population. Then, we compared transcriptome profiles between the two field populations to identify genes associated primarily with spinosad resistance and found a cytochrome P450, CYP9E2, and a long non-coding RNA gene, lncRNA-2, were upregulated in the exclusively spinosad-exposed population. Knock-down of these two genes simultaneously in beetles of the spinosad-exposed population using RNA interference (RNAi) resulted in a significant increase in mortality when gene knock-down was followed by spinosad exposure, whereas single knock-downs of each gene produced smaller effects. In addition, knock-down of the lncRNA-2 gene individually resulted in significant reduction in CYP9E2 transcripts. Finally, in silico analysis using an RNA-RNA interaction tool revealed that CYP9E2 mRNA contains multiple binding sites for the lncRNA-2 transcript. Our results imply that CYP9E2 and lncRNA-2 jointly contribute to spinosad resistance in CPB, and lncRNA-2 is involved in regulation of CYP9E2 expression. These results provide evidence that metabolic resistance, driven by overexpression of CYP and lncRNA genes, contributes to spinosad resistance in CPB.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of CYP9E2 and a long non-coding RNA gene in resistance to a spinosad insecticide in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata

Kaplanoglu,

Scott,

Vickruck

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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“…However, extensive reliance on these pesticides has caused them to have poor efficacy [16,17]. At the same time, Bilbo et al [18] found that field populations of F. occidentalis in North Carolina possess high levels of resistance to spinetoram. In this regard, many previous studies have also revealed the rapid development of resistance by thrips pest species to various insecticides [2,8,10,19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticide Susceptibility and Detoxification Enzyme Activity of Frankliniella occidentalis under Three Habitat Conditions

Fan

Sun

et al. 2023

Insects

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Frankliniella occidentalis is a highly destructive and invasive agricultural pest that has developed resistance to a variety of insecticide classes. Different planting structures and insecticide use frequency can directly affect the resistance development of F. occidentalis. In this study, the susceptibility of three field strains of F. occidentalis, collected over one year (April to November) from three habitat conditions (facility agriculture area, FA; open field crop area, OF; agroforestry intersection area, AI), to spinetoram, spinosad, emamectin benzoate, chlorfenapyr, acetamiprid, and imidacloprid were monitored and compared. At the same time, the detoxification enzyme activity of F. occidentalis in different habitats was determined. The results showed that the susceptibility of the F. occidentalis population in FA was significantly lower than that of populations from OF and AI. Among them, the F. occidentalis population in FA had developed low levels of resistance to spinetoram (RR = 9.18-fold), emamectin benzoate (RR = 5.47-fold), chlorfenapyr (RR = 6.67-fold), and acetamiprid (RR = 7.49-fold), and had developed moderate level resistance to imidacloprid (RR = 11.67-fold), while still being relatively sensitive to spinosad. The population of F. occidentalis from OF had developed low level resistance to spinetoram (RR = 5.24-fold) but was still relatively sensitive to the other five insecticides. The resistance of F. occidentalis from AI to six insecticides was at relatively sensitive levels. The results of the enzyme activities of detoxification enzymes, including carboxylesterase (CarE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and the cytochrome P450 enzyme system (CYP450), revealed that the activities of the FA population of F. occidentalis were significantly higher than those of the other two populations. The change of CarE activity in F. occidentalis was consistent with that of spinetoram resistance, indicating that CarE may be involved in the metabolic resistance of F. occidentalis to spinetoram. Among the three populations, the resistance and detoxification enzyme activities of F. occidentalis of the FA population to six insecticides were higher than those of the other two populations. Our findings, along with other strategies, are expected to help with the resistance management of F. occidentalis in different habitats.

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Functional investigation of CYP304F1 in Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) by RNA interference

Xie,

Ali,

et al. 2024

Journal of Economic Entomology

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Tuta absoluta has developed resistance to many biological insecticides, causing substantial agricultural and economic losses annually. P450s have been the most extensively studied enzymes in the context of insecticide metabolism in insect pests, and the detoxification metabolism of P450s in T. absoluta against biological insecticides remains poorly understood. In T. absoluta, CYP304F1 was screened from the comparative transcriptome of 2 regional populations in Xinjiang, China. The objective of the present study was to characterize and analyze CYP304F1 of T. absoluta and explore its role in detoxification of spinetoram as well as the growth and development of T. absoluta. Following cloning and sequence analysis of the target gene, it was named CYP304F1. Expression levels of CYP304F1 were then determined after spinetoram exposure and across various developmental instars and tissues. Finally, dsCYP304F1 was synthesized and utilized to assess the effects of post-RNAi on larval spinetoram susceptibility, growth, and development. Sequence analysis revealed that CYP304F1 harbors conserved domains characteristic of P450 proteins, exhibiting high conservation within the Lepidoptera clade. Treatment with an LC50 dose of spinetoram significantly upregulated CYP304F1 expression in T. absoluta larvae. Silencing CYP304F1 significantly enhanced larval susceptibility to spinetoram and prolonged leaf-mining duration and developmental time from the 2nd instar to 4th instar by 40% and 17.6%, respectively, compared to controls. And feeding on dsCYP304F1-treated leaves for 6 days resulted in 71% larval mortality. These results suggested that CYP304F1 played a crucial role in detoxification of spinetoram as well as in the growth and development of T. absoluta larvae.

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Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) field resistance to spinetoram in North Carolina

Cited by 5 publications

References 38 publications

Role of CYP9E2 and a long non-coding RNA gene in resistance to a spinosad insecticide in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata

Role of CYP9E2 and a long non-coding RNA gene in resistance to a spinosad insecticide in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata

Insecticide Susceptibility and Detoxification Enzyme Activity of Frankliniella occidentalis under Three Habitat Conditions

Functional investigation of CYP304F1 in Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) by RNA interference

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