Wet Air Oxidation of Benzene

Abstract

The wet air oxidation of benzene has been studied in a 1.24 L stainless steel autoclave at a temperature in the range of 190-260 °C. The oxygen partial pressure was varied from 0.69 to 1.72 MPa. The initial C 6 H 6 concentration was 5.63 mmol/L. The influence of the pH was studied, and the main reaction intermediates were determined. It was found that the temperature has a great influence on the wet air oxidation of benzene. The effect of the oxygen partial pressure was significant only at the beginning of the reaction. Decrease of the initial pH of the reaction results in a considerable increase in the benzene degradation rate, especially at the lower temperature. The main intermediates were found to be acetic acid and formic acid.

Safe Scale-up of an Oxygen-Releasing Cleavage of Evans Oxazolidinone with Hydrogen Peroxide

“…Oxidation reactions often play roles in syntheses of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and chemical intermediates. Depending on the desired products, oxidations can be carried out with a variety of reagents, including pure oxygen (O 2 ), acids, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and air. − If carried out using common organic solvents, reactions involving these reagents introduce the risk of fire and/or explosion. In typical operations involving flammable or combustible liquids, the main strategy to reduce the risk of fire is to control or eliminate as many elements of the “fire triangle” (fuel, O 2 , and ignition source) as possible.…”

Fe-Catalyzed Oxidation Reactions of Olefins, Alkanes, and Alcohols: Involvement of Oxo- and Peroxo Complexes

“…Here, menadione (vitamin K 3 ) and 2,3,6-trimethylquinone (key intermediate in vitamin E synthesis) represent the most important intermediates. Moreover, polynuclear partly functionalized aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a central class of environmental carcinogens and the complete oxidation and decomposition is important for environmentally benign waste disposals (mostly wet air oxidations are used for decomposition of PAH's; for iron-catalyzed examples see [131,132]). For the oxidation of such compounds, metalloporphyrins are applied as models for cytochrome P450.…”

Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Carbon Nanotubes Decorated with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Removal of Benzene, Toluene and p-Xylene from Aqueous Solution

“…Various methods are studied for the removal of BTX from water, which includes adsorption [7][8][9], advanced oxidation [10], photocatalytic degradation [11] and biological treatments [12,13]. All these methods have some drawbacks (cost, efficiency and durability), but adsorption is mostly used for industrial applications.…”