Wetland and Floodplain Soils: Their Characteristics, Management and Future

Cook, Hadrian; Bonnett, Samuel A.F.; Pons, L.J.

doi:10.1002/9781444315813.ch18

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This trend is in general agreement with the situation in Australian saltlands, where salinity increased as the water table became shallower (Barrett-Lennard et al, 2013). At Doñana it suggests that the salt capital locked-up in this system is largely a legacy of historically greater tidal connectivity and that salt is recycled locally between high and low ground, through alternating leaching and evaporation (Cook et al, 2009). In tidal marshes, however, the highest salinities tend to be at higher elevations in summer, when evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation during successive spring tidal cycles (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Disentangling elevation, annual flooding regime and salinity as hydrochemical determinants of halophyte distribution in non-tidal saltmarsh

et al. 2020

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Background and Aims Hydrological disconnection, especially in a Mediterranean climate, creates coastal saltmarshes with an annual cycle of flooding that are unlike tidally inundated systems. Winter rainfall produces long, continuous hydroperiods, alternating with continuous exposure caused by evaporation in warm, rain-free summers. We aimed to distinguish the effects of elevation, hydroperiod and salinity on annual and perennial halophytes in such a system. Methods We recorded vegetation and sediment salinity in permanent quadrats on a marsh in the Doñana National Park, Spain, over seven consecutive years with widely differing rainfall. Elevation was determined from LIDAR data and the duration of the annual hydroperiod from satellite imagery. The independent effects of collaterally varying elevation, hydroperiod and salinity on species distribution were examined using generalized linear models and hierarchical partitioning. Key Results Both hydroperiod and salinity were inversely related to elevation but interannual fluctuations in rainfall facilitated discrimination of independent effects of the three collaterally varying factors on halophyte distribution. Perennial distribution was strongly structured by elevation, whereas many annual species were more sensitive to hydroperiod. The independent effects of salinity varied according to individual species’ salt tolerance from positive to negative. Thus life-history and, in the case of annuals, phenology were important in determining the relative impact of elevation and hydroperiod. Conclusions The consequences of elevation for halophyte distribution in seasonally flooded saltmarshes are fundamentally different from those in tidal marshes, because protracted and frequent flooding regimes require different adaptations, and because of the unpredictability of flooding from year to year. These differences could explain greater species diversity in non-tidal marshes and the absence of key saltmarsh species prominent in tidal marshes. The vegetation of non-tidal marshes will be particularly susceptible to the more extreme annual cycles of temperature and rainfall predicted for Mediterranean climates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Disentangling elevation, annual flooding regime and salinity as hydrochemical determinants of halophyte distribution in non-tidal saltmarsh

et al. 2020

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“…The role played by organic matter in soils is very important for many biogeochemical cycles and pedological processes (Duchaufour 2001;Brady and Weil 2008;Cook et al 2009). Organic matter improves soil structure (macro and micro-aggregates) and aeration, and helps keep the moisture regime relatively stable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Precision Elevation Model to Evaluate the Spatial Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon in Active Floodplains

et al. 2011

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This study examines the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) and other properties in soils in active floodplains using a high precision digital elevation model (DEM) and geographic information system. Floodplain microtopography may influence wetland hydrology and the physical and chemical properties of soil, thus affecting the balance of plant nutrients in this riverine environment. The selected sites were composed of three floodplains dominated by a forest consisting of silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.) with some green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.). These floodplains were frequently subject to floods during spring (and also in summer and fall) that create dynamic processes in the formation of alluvial soils and in the structure and composition of floodplain vegetation. The maximum and minimum SOC rates that were obtained ranged from 0.05% to 3.16%, with median values of 0.87%. In addition, no preferential pattern was detected on SOC spatial distribution in floodplain soils even when a high precision digital elevation model was used to define floodplain microtopography. Frequent floods and vertical aggradation maintain the soil in an immature state and cause a depletion of the soil's organic carbon content.

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“…Dissimilatory sulphate reduction (DSR) by sulphur‐reducing organisms uses sulphate as an electron recipient for redox reactions, producing 34 S‐depleted sulphide (lower‐value δ 34 S) and leaving the residual sulphate relatively 34 S‐enriched (higher‐value δ 34 S) (Cook et al . ). These DSR processes can produce significant (–46‰ to –40‰) isotopic fractionation between the different soil S pools available to plants (Chambers and Trudinger ; Fry et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…; Cook et al . ; White and Reddy ; Husson ). Dissimilatory sulphate reduction (DSR) by sulphur‐reducing organisms uses sulphate as an electron recipient for redox reactions, producing 34 S‐depleted sulphide (lower‐value δ 34 S) and leaving the residual sulphate relatively 34 S‐enriched (higher‐value δ 34 S) (Cook et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Preservation and Interpretation of δ³⁴S Values in Charred Archaeobotanical Remains

et al. 2018

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The measurement of sulphur isotope (δ 34 S) values in charred plant remains has the potential to inform understanding of the spatial configuration and ecology of crop production. We investigated the effects of charring, manuring, oxidation and anaerobic soil conditions on modern cereal grain/pulse seed δ 34 S values, and assessed the effect of chemical pre-treatment on charred modern and archaeobotanical grain/seed δ 34 S values. We used these results to interpret δ 34 S values in archaeobotanical material from Neolithic Çatalhöyük. Our results suggest that δ 34 S values can be reliably preserved in charred grain/seeds but are subject to influence by anaerobic soil conditions, the effect depending on the timing of flooding in relation to S assimilation.

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Wetland and Floodplain Soils: Their Characteristics, Management and Future

Cited by 8 publications

References 38 publications

Disentangling elevation, annual flooding regime and salinity as hydrochemical determinants of halophyte distribution in non-tidal saltmarsh

Disentangling elevation, annual flooding regime and salinity as hydrochemical determinants of halophyte distribution in non-tidal saltmarsh

High-Precision Elevation Model to Evaluate the Spatial Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon in Active Floodplains

The Preservation and Interpretation of δ³⁴S Values in Charred Archaeobotanical Remains

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Wetland and Floodplain Soils: Their Characteristics, Management and Future

Cited by 8 publications

References 38 publications

Disentangling elevation, annual flooding regime and salinity as hydrochemical determinants of halophyte distribution in non-tidal saltmarsh

Disentangling elevation, annual flooding regime and salinity as hydrochemical determinants of halophyte distribution in non-tidal saltmarsh

High-Precision Elevation Model to Evaluate the Spatial Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon in Active Floodplains

The Preservation and Interpretation of δ34S Values in Charred Archaeobotanical Remains

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The Preservation and Interpretation of δ³⁴S Values in Charred Archaeobotanical Remains