Wetland Network Design for Mitigation of Saltwater Intrusion by Transferring Tidal Discharge

Zhang, Zhiming; Cui, Baoshan; Ou, Bingbing; Fan, Xiaolong

doi:10.1002/clen.201200049

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…The basic function of wetlands is to store water. The wetlands involved in a wetland network play an important role in the protection of an estuarine ecosystem 5, which is at the risk of sharp shrink and functional degradation 73, 74. The wetland network method provides a better solution to protection of saltwater intrusion in the PRE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An estuarine ecosystem, which features the land–ocean interactions of an abundant population of flora and fauna, has the highest service values compared to other ecosystems 1. Meanwhile, it is a sensitive ecosystem to the rapid industrialization and economic development and sea level rise 2–5. With the water shortages and sea level rise, researchers found that the salinity gradient was an important factor in determining these estuarine ecosystem services 6–14.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wetland Network Design for Mitigation of Saltwater Intrusion by Replenishing Freshwater in an Estuary

Zhang

Cui

Fan

et al. 2012

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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In this paper, a wetland network is designed to mitigate saltwater intrusion based on the relationship between river discharge and salinity in Modaomen waterway (MDMW), the Pearl River estuary (PRE) of southern China. The designed network consists of existing and expanded wetlands, river channels and their tributaries. The freshwater stored in wetlands can be diverted into river channels to adjust salinity gradients when saltwater intrusion reaches the predefined locations. In the MDMW, two exponential regression models are established between the freshwater discharge and the saltwater intrusion length at both high water slack (HWS) and low water slack (LWS), respectively. The wetland network can effectively mitigate the saltwater intrusion when the freshwater is diverted from wetlands into river channels according to the regressive models. The method of wetland network can save over 50% more freshwater (varying from 46.1 to 56.4% at HWS and from 53.4 to 61.8% at LWS) than the emergent water allocation schedule (EWAS) implemented in 2005 to protect against saltwater intrusion in the same area. Wetland network design facilitates water resource management in the PRE and can also be easily generalized to other estuaries.Abbreviations: EWAS, emergent water allocation schedule; HWS, high water slack; LWS, low water slack; MDMW, Modaomen waterway; PRE, Pearl River estuary 1036Considering the water saving and the mitigation of saltwater intrusion, how to allocate the upstream freshwater in the estuarine and coastal regions is another important question. Poulter et al. [4] presented a network-based method to identify the major shoreline entry points of saltwater to the drainage river networks. These points are useful in the managing and monitoring of saltwater. The network-based method is nearly natural and cost-effective [38]. With the application of graph theory to network analysis, wetland network approaches are widely used in watershed storm water management [39, 40] and regional drought and flood control [38]. This methodology proves to be effective and has few negative effects on surrounding ecosystems. Typically, there are a number of wetlands which are connected by tributaries/river channels in an estuary. These wetlands include marsh, lakes, and reservoirs that form a network, together with river channels, to regulate hydrological processes [38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. In a network, the freshwater can be diverted into river channels from wetlands. The increased river discharge then decreases the range of saltwater intrusion along the river [26][27][28][29][30]. A new equilibrium can be established between water and salinity in river channels [24].The objectives of this paper are as follows: (i) to investigate the relationship between the freshwater discharge and the saltwater intrusion length; (ii) to design a wetland network to mitigate saltwater intrusion; and (iii) to compare water allocations between network method and EWAS and evaluate the performance of wetland networks in different scenarios.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wetland Network Design for Mitigation of Saltwater Intrusion by Replenishing Freshwater in an Estuary

Zhang

Cui

Fan

et al. 2012

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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“…The results showed that the wetland network can effectively mitigate the saltwater intrusion by replenishing freshwater stored in the wetland network into river channels in this region. Zhang et al 28 also tried to use a wetland network which is a methodology to divert saltwater to explain how to address the adverse effects of saltwater intrusion and aims to mitigate such intrusion. Yang et al 29 designed a wetland network by linking linear wetlands and patch wetlands, determined the water trade‐off between human use and wetland network and calculated the environmental flow requirement.…”

Section: Previewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wetland Ecology in China

Shao

Cui

Bai

2012

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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“…Furthermore, some N cycling reactions, such as nitrification, are inhibited by high levels of salinity (Joye and Hollibaugh, 1995), while other reactions, such as DNRA, can be enhanced by the same conditions (Giblin et al, 2010(Giblin et al, , 2013. As seawater intrusion from dredging and climate change progresses (Hackney and Yelverton, 1990;Zhang et al, 2012), it is unclear how these changes in water chemistry will effect the microbial communities involved in the N cycle or the interactions among N cycling processes (Santoro, 2010). Therefore, understanding how these projected environmental changes will alter the estuarine N cycle from a whole-ecosystem perspective is a crucial goal for managers and policy makers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating control of nutrient flow in an estuarine nitrogen cycle through comparative network analysis

Hines

Singh

Borrett

2016

Ecological Engineering

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Ecologists, ecosystem managers and ecological engineers often seek to identify which components of an ecosystem are most important to its functioning. Ecosystem Network Analyses (ENA) can be used as a tool to address this challenge while taking into consideration the complex direct and indirect interactions that occur in natural systems. One way that ENA can inform researchers and policy makers is through a broad array of centrality metrics, which quantitatively describe the relative importance of each ecosystem component. Control analysis, a type of ENA, identifies which ecosystem members regulate the organization and distribution of energy matter once it enters the ecosystem. We applied two subroutines of control analysis, system control and control difference, to two nitrogen cycling models constructed at sites with different salinity regimes (one oligohaline and one polyhaline) in the Cape Fear River Estuary, NC, USA. We compared the analysis results for these two models to infer how salinity and seawater intrusion might change the control relationships, and therefore functional importance, of nitrogen cycling components. We assert that system control analysis can be used as a centrality metric for evaluating the relative function of ecosystem components, and we compared the system control results to three centrality measures that are established in the literature. Spearmans' ρ tests for correlation indicated no significant relationship between the system control results and selected centrality measures, highlighting the ability of this tool to provide novel information. The system control results indicated that sedimentary nitrate and nitrite were most important for regulating the distribution of nitrogen at both sites, highlighting the centrality of nitrate and nitrite in estuarine nitrogen cycling. However, the control difference analysis, which has finer resolution than system control, indicated that the ammonium pool regulated the movement of nitrogen through the nitrate and nitrite pools at the oligohaline site, while the opposite was observed at the polyhaline site. This reversal of control relationship suggests that seawater intrusion may alter which ecosystem components regulate the distribution of energy matter for reactive nitrogen species in estuaries. This work identifies the 1

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Wetland Network Design for Mitigation of Saltwater Intrusion by Transferring Tidal Discharge

Cited by 8 publications

References 53 publications

Wetland Network Design for Mitigation of Saltwater Intrusion by Replenishing Freshwater in an Estuary

Wetland Network Design for Mitigation of Saltwater Intrusion by Replenishing Freshwater in an Estuary

Wetland Ecology in China

Evaluating control of nutrient flow in an estuarine nitrogen cycle through comparative network analysis

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