Wettability of the surface of heat-treated juvenile teak wood assessed by drop shape analyzer

Lopes, Juliana de Oliveira; Garcia, R. Á.; Nascimento, Alexandre Miguel do

doi:10.4067/s0718-221x2018005002801

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This implies that the wood surface wettability was clearly degraded after the heat treatment process due to the surface inactivity. Some researchers [14,[22][23][24][25] observed a similar behaviour i.e. decreased wettability which means contact angle increased for wood sample treated at different higher temperature.…”

Section: Surface Wettability (Contact Angle)mentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Ayrilmis et al [18] investigated the effect of heat treatment on adhesive bonding performance and concluded that the bonding strength of the heat-treated medium density fiberboard panels decreased with increasing contact angle even though the surface roughness improved. Surface wettability mechanism of material after heat treatment plays an important role for the bond performance [22][23][24][25].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of heat treatment on the behavior of teak wood adherends bonded joints

Budhe

Ghugal²,

Barros

2020

Appl Adhes Sci

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IntroductionNowadays, scientific communities and industries are looking for alternative materials to the synthetic composites and metals, as these materials are non-degradable, limited in quantity, hazardous to nature and costly [1,2]. Hence many researchers are attracted towards natural materials (e.g. wood) for various applications, such as construction, furniture, decorative products, sports items and many others. Wood is one of the most important materials and widely used since the old era, as it is easily available, ecofriendly, light weight and low cost among many more benefits compared to others [3,4]. However, the hygroscopicity of wood is the major disadvantage which limits the usage of wood for many applications. There are different processes by which the hygroscopicity of wood can be reduced and many studies have been carried out in the literature on different processes [5,6].Heat treatment is the oldest and simplest method by which wood hygroscopicity can be effectively decreased. In addition, the dimensional stability, biological resistance and durability of the wood can also be improved [7][8][9]. It was showed that the heat treatment of wood not only reduced the hygroscopicity but also caused physical changes in the wood such as surface modification, which can significantly affect the adhesive bond AbstractThe main aim of this work is to investigate the effect of heat treatment on the teak wood adherend bonded joints. Indian teak wood samples were kept in an oven at 150 °C for 2 h for the heat treatment process. The surface roughness values of the wood adherend before and after the heat treatment process were measured using a surface profilometer. Wettability of un-treated and heat-treated teak wood samples was determined with the contact angle measurements by using the sessile drop method. Single strap joints with un-treated and heat treated wood specimens were tested at ambient temperature. The results show that, there is a clear dependency observed in between the heat treatment and the surface roughness of the wood adherends. Wettability of teak wood adherend surface is degraded after the heat treatment process. An adverse effect of heat treatment of wood adherend on the bonding strength was observed, but the surface roughness was improved.

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Section: Surface Wettability (Contact Angle)mentioning

confidence: 81%

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confidence: 99%

Effects of heat treatment on the behavior of teak wood adherends bonded joints

Budhe

Ghugal²,

Barros

2020

Appl Adhes Sci

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“…After heat treatment, the lignin content increased, while carboxylic acid functions that are mainly present in hemicelluloses decreased significantly; an important decrease in wood acidity was noted [35]. The dehydration reactions of hemicelluloses that are ongoing during heat-treatment are able to degrade OH-groups, which cause a decrease in water penetration into the wood surface [36]. The heat treatment causes a greater gas permeability and an increase in porosity and decrease in gravimetric density [37][38][39].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of One-Sided Surface Charring of Beech Wood on Density Profile and Surface Wettability

et al. 2021

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One-sided surface charred European beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) was studied. Radial and tangential specimens of dimensions of 50 × 25 × 350 mm were one-sided surface charred at 200, 250, 300, 350, and 400 °C for various times using a contact heating system. Specimens of dimensions of 50 × 25 × 50 mm3 were prepared for treatment intensity analysis and its effect on surface wettability. Density profiles of the radial and tangential charred specimens were determined using X-ray densitography with a resolution of 0.05 mm. The wettability of the one-sided surface charred wood specimens was analyzed via contact angle, measured using the sessile drop method and determined over 10 to 150 s. The oven-dried specimens were partially submerged in water and water uptake was recorded after 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 48, and 72 h according to EN-927-5. The surface density of the radial specimen groups charred at 200 °C for 6 min and 250 °C for 4 min decreased by about 4.5 to 8.2%. With increasingly severe charring, the surface density decreased by about 15.5 to 33.5%. A mild charring process produced a surface charred layer of approx. 2 mm, while higher temperatures and longer times affected the density up to 4–6 mm beneath the surface. Differences were found between the water uptake of the radial and tangential charred beech specimens. The most significant decrease of 56% in water uptake was recorded for the radial group prepared at 200 °C for 20 min after floating in water for 72 h. Water uptake in the radial groups modified at 250 °C for 4 and 6 min after 72 h decreased by 38% and 36%, respectively. The tangential groups did not show any statistically significant decrease. The average water uptake of the groups charred at 200 °C for 20 min, 350 °C for 2 min and 400 °C for 1 min was greater than that of the reference; the variability of the measured data was significantly greater due to the highly anisotropic character of the tangential specimens. Micro cracks were also visible on the surface. Concluding from the results of this study, one-sided surface charred beech wood exhibits increased potential in terms of wood–water related properties when a temperature range of 200–400 °C is applied.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This complex phenomenon is related to various factors, e.g., cell morphology, roughness, specific surface area, permeability, functional groups, and molecular and elemental compositions. 3 Its porous structures on the surface and high contents of hydroxyl groups adversely lead to increased water absorption, which can cause swelling, dimensional instability, cracking, and degradation of the wood. To solve this problem, many studies have focused on chemical modifications of the wood structures by converting their hydrophilic surfaces using hydrophobic compounds, endowing the wood materials with water resistance and prolonged service life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Water-Based Alkyl Ketene Dimer (AKD) Nanoparticles and Their Use in Superhydrophobic Treatments of Value-Added Teakwood Products

et al. 2022

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A process for preparing emulsions of alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) nanoparticles via a nanoemulsion template (emulsion/evaporation) method has been developed. The effects of types and contents of stabilizing agents, i.e. , anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS), cationic (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB), amphoteric (phosphatidylcholine, PC), and polymeric (poly(vinyl alcohol), PVA), on the colloidal stability and hydrodynamic size of the AKD nanoparticles are investigated. The use of 0.1 wt % anionic SDS as a stabilizer generates nanoparticles with high stability and the smallest average size of 148 ± 5 nm. The environmentally friendly water-based emulsion prepared without halogenated compounds and harsh organic solvents is then applied to enhance the hydrophobicity of teakwood products by a simple dipping process. The properties and structures of the resulting treated woods are examined by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and water contact angle (WCA) measurements. The treated woods show superhydrophobicity with a WCA value of 150 ± 2°, as the emulsion generates a hydrophobic layer covering the wood surfaces due to the β-ketoester bond formation and the arrangement of AKD hydrophobic tails. The nanosized nanoparticles can penetrate the dense structure of the teakwood and form similar bonding for up to a 0.8 mm depth, generating a protective water-repellent layer in the wood structure. The emulsion has high potential for use in the commercial production of value-added teakwood products, with excellent water-resistant properties and high dimensional instability, without altering their physical appearances.

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Wettability of the surface of heat-treated juvenile teak wood assessed by drop shape analyzer

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Effects of heat treatment on the behavior of teak wood adherends bonded joints

Effects of heat treatment on the behavior of teak wood adherends bonded joints

Effect of One-Sided Surface Charring of Beech Wood on Density Profile and Surface Wettability

Preparation of Water-Based Alkyl Ketene Dimer (AKD) Nanoparticles and Their Use in Superhydrophobic Treatments of Value-Added Teakwood Products

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