Wetting of surfaces and grain boundaries in cemented carbides and the effect from local chemistry

Gren, Martin; Wahnström, Göran

doi:10.1016/j.mtla.2019.100470

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…". For Ni, the measured segregation is slightly higher than the calculated value (0.5 ML) [31]. Owing to the small number of analyzed grain boundaries in this work and approximations of the analysis method used, further characterization especially by a more sensitive technique as APT would be necessary to confirm these results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Carbon content in the alloy would however affect the composition of grain boundaries, and higher segregation would occur in grain boundaries of tungsten-rich alloys [30]. Recent calculations also predict that nickel should segregate as 0.5 ML in grain boundaries while no experimental data are available yet [31]. For iron, no data at all exist in the literature on that point.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Interface characteristics in cemented carbides with alternative binders

Roulon

Lay

Missiaen

2020

International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials

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Cemented tungsten carbides with Co, Ni or Fe binders were studied by transmission electron microscopy.Particular attention was paid to phase and grain boundaries. A striking feature is the high frequency of coherent carbide/binder interfaces with Fe. The Fe rich binder adopts an epitaxy orientation relationship with prismatic facets of WC, with a parametric misfit of about 1.5%. A special orientation relationship with basal facets of WC grains is sometimes observed with Ni binder, as already noticed for Co. It is associated with a parametric misfit of about 15%. Binder segregation in WC grain boundaries was studied taking into account the effect of carbon content in the alloys. Whatever the binder, no influence of the carbon content could be pointed out. The analyses performed in random grain boundaries in WC-Co alloys agree with the literature value of 0.5 monolayer of segregated Co while slightly larger values are obtained for Ni and Fe binder. ∑=2 special grain boundaries were studied in WC-Co and WC-Ni alloys and no segregation was detected. The higher grain boundary segregation as well as the occurrence of coherent interfaces should influence the mechanical properties of WC-Fe alloys.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interface characteristics in cemented carbides with alternative binders

Roulon

Lay

Missiaen

2020

International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials

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“…In our case, there is another factor facilitating the agglomeration because sinter-forging was carried out at 1350 °C , i.e., above the 1143 °C that is the WC-Fe eutectic point [37]. Therefore, some liquid phase sintering might have occurred when Hadfield steel preferentially interacted with the WC grains, and possibly partially infiltrated into the already formed WC grain agglomerates due to its better wettability of the WC [7,10,47] as compared to that of ZrO2 [48] or Al2O3 [49], i.e., of Y-TZP-Al2O3 components, which formed their own agglomerates outside of the regions occupied by WC-Hadfield steel cermet. From the viewpoint of its chemical composition, the TrZ looks like a transition from undeformed as-sintered base material to the TL.…”

Section: Structure Of As-sintered Composites Fracture Toughening Mech...mentioning

confidence: 87%

Self-Lubricating Effect of WC/Y–TZP–Al2O3 Hybrid Ceramic–Matrix Composites with Dispersed Hadfield Steel Particles during High-Speed Sliding against an HSS Disk

et al. 2022

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WC/Y–TZP–Al2O3 hybrid ceramic–matrix composites (CMCs) with dispersed Hadfield steel particles were sintered and then tested at sliding speeds in the range of 7–37 m/s and contact pressure 5 MPa. Fast and low-temperature sinter-forging allowed obtaining micron-sized WC grains, submicron-sized alumina-reinforced yttria partially stabilized polycrystalline tetragonal zirconia (Y–TZP–Al2O3), and evenly distributed Hadfield steel grains. Such a microstructure provided new hybrid characteristics combining high hardness with high fracture toughness and tribological adaptation. The CMCs demonstrated low friction and high wear resistance that were better than those demonstrated by other composite materials such as, for example, MAX-phase composites, zirconia-base ceramics, ZrB2-SiC ceramics, and metal matrix WC–(Fe–Mn–C) composites. These good tribological characteristics were obtained due to the in situ mechanochemical formation of iron tungstates FeWO4 and Fe2WO6 on the worn surfaces of composite samples. These mixed oxides were included in multilayer subsurface structures that provided the self-lubricating and self-healing effects in high-speed sliding because of their easy shear and quasi-viscous behavior.

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“…At the surface, no effective measurement of a contact angle could be performed; thus, it could be estimated to be 0 • , giving sign of very good metal-ceramic wettability. Moreover, the dissimilar wetting behaviour of FeNiCr on Ti(C,N) and WC can be also explained by the developed surface energies among the binder, the ceramic phase and their boundary region, as explained by Gren and Wahnström [53]. They relate the spreading parameter (S) of the liquid metallic phase (M) on the solid ceramic substrate (WC, in their study) to the difference of dry and wet interfacial energies.…”

Section: Wc-fenicrmentioning

confidence: 95%