What are gender micro‐ and macroaggressions in medicine and what are the solutions?

Adamakos, Frosso

doi:10.1002/aet2.10615

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…28 To date, most studies on discrimination in otolaryngology head and neck surgery have been conducted about gender discrimination and female underrepresentation although race and gender are often considered together. 22,30,47,48 Our study is the first to survey workplace microaggression in Otolaryngology on an international basis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Arguably, the historical forces of European imperialism and colonization have affected the structure and distribution of resources in the world 15,16 . In terms of the workplace and institutional power, there is data that support an allocation of resources that favors the descendants of colonists over the descendants of the colonized, and favors men more than women 11,29,30 . Acknowledging concept and practice of dominance remains key to understanding microaggressions.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Workplace Environment Microaggressions in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery: An International Survey

Lechien

Kan

Sims

2023

Otolaryngol.--head neck surg.

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ObjectiveTo survey members of the otolaryngology community about their personal and observed experiences of being treated differently because of one's physical attributes, cultural norms, or preferences in the workplace.Study DesignCross‐sectional survey.SettingInternational Electronic Survey.MethodsWe invited members of the international otolaryngology community including 3 European or American otorhinolaryngological Societies to complete a survey about personal/observed experience of differential treatment in the workplace related to age, biological sex; disability, gender identity, language proficiency, military experience, citizenship, ethnicity/race, political belief, and sexual orientation. Results were analyzed according to participant ethnicity/race (white vs non‐white) and gender (male vs female)ResultsFour hundred seven participants completed the evaluations: 301 white (74%) and 106 non‐white (26%) participants. Non‐white participants reported significantly more experiences of differential treatment (microaggressions) than white participants (p < .05). Non‐white participants more frequently felt that they needed to work harder for the same opportunities as their peers and were more likely to consider leaving a position because of an unsupportive environment. In general, females reported more frequent experiences with differential treatment related to sexual orientation, biological sex, and gender identity than males.ConclusionWe recognized reports of differential treatment as a proxy for microaggressions. Non‐white members of the otolaryngology community self‐report experiencing or observing more microaggressions than white members in the workplace. Acknowledging the existence and impact of microaggressions in the field of Otolaryngology is the first step towards cultivating an inclusive, diverse workforce where all members feel supported, validated, and welcomed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Workplace Environment Microaggressions in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery: An International Survey

Lechien

Kan

Sims

2023

Otolaryngol.--head neck surg.

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“…Adamakos (2021, p. 1) defines microaggressions as “brief everyday exchanges that send denigrating messages to certain individuals.” In maternal health, microaggressions may manifest as use of stigmatizing language in the medical record, for example, labeling a patient as “difficult,” “angry,” or “non-compliant.” Similarly, a patient's pain may be dismissed because clinicians believe that marginalized patients have a higher pain tolerance, that they have thicker skin, or that they are drug seeking.…”

Section: Obstetric Racismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obstetric Racism, Education, and Racial Concordance

Major-Kincade

2023

McN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing

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The United States holds the distinction of being the developed country with the worst perinatal outcomes despite spending the most per capita on health care. Black women are three to four times more likely than White women to experience adverse birth outcomes. These outcomes persist despite access to prenatal care, insurance, and college education. A long overdue racial reckoning has arrived, beginning with acknowledging the fallacy of race-based medicine and the role of enduring systemic racism as foundational to obstetric racism in the reproductive lives of Black women. Centering voices of Black women and honoring their lived experiences are essential to providing respectful maternity care. Naming micro- and macroaggressions experienced by Black women allows for dismantling of systemic barriers which perpetuate inequitable outcomes and enable substandard care. Racial concordance (shared racial identity) is one tool to consider in creating safe health care spaces for Black women. Improving diversity of the nursing workforce specifically and the health care workforce in general is necessary to affect racial concordance. Application of skills in cultural humility can mitigate challenges associated with adverse patient encounters for Black women as diversity pipeline strategies are explored. Histories of foundational fallacy, their impact on care and outcomes, and patient-driven indicators for improving pregnancy care experiences for women of color are explored through the lens of a Black physician and the collective reproductive health workforce.

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Between the dog and the wolf: an interpretative phenomenological analysis of bicultural, sexual minority people’s lived experiences

Miller,

Zakrisson

2024

Discov Psychol

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Previous research has established that people with multiple-minority identities frequently wrestle with psychosocial dilemmas in ingroup and outgroup settings, which can impair health and impede a positive belonging. The present study explores the phenomenon of psychosocial implications found in the intersection of sexuality and ethnicity from the perspective of bicultural, sexual minority individuals in Sweden, a multiple-minority group that thus far has not received scientific consideration. In-depth interviews were conducted with eight non-heterosexual, second-generation immigrants in Sweden. Data was analyzed through a collaborative interpretative phenomenological analysis. Two overarching group experiential themes (GETs) were created: “A puzzle of identity struggles” and “Sources of empowerment.” The GETs detail experiences of bullying, misidentification, parental shortcomings, gender issues, and severe mental health challenges, as well as strengthening factors in the participants’ lived experiences, including pride in heritage, creative coping strategies and purpose in life. The lines between general stressors and minority-specific stressors were blurred, which problematizes simplified understandings of multiple-minorities. The authors advocate for advances in multiple-minority knowledge among professionals within the educational and mental health systems, to facilitate preventive and interventive work that could improve life conditions and sense of belonging among non-heterosexual, ethnic minorities.

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What are gender micro‐ and macroaggressions in medicine and what are the solutions?

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Workplace Environment Microaggressions in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery: An International Survey

Workplace Environment Microaggressions in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery: An International Survey

Obstetric Racism, Education, and Racial Concordance

Between the dog and the wolf: an interpretative phenomenological analysis of bicultural, sexual minority people’s lived experiences

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