What are the key pediatric public policy priorities as the COVID-19 pandemic persists?

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused significant medical, social, and economic impacts globally, both in the short and long term. Although most individuals recover within a few days or weeks from an acute infection, some experience longer lasting effects. Data regarding the postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (PASC) in children, or long COVID, are only just emerging in the literature. These symptoms and conditions may reflect persistent symptoms from acute infection (eg, cough, headaches, fatigue, and loss of taste and smell), new symptoms like dizziness, or exacerbation of underlying conditions. Children may develop conditions de novo, including postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, autoimmune conditions and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. This state-of-the-art narrative review provides a summary of our current knowledge about PASC in children, including prevalence, epidemiology, risk factors, clinical characteristics, underlying mechanisms, and functional outcomes, as well as a conceptual framework for PASC based on the current National Institutes of Health definition. We highlight the pediatric components of the National Institutes of Health-funded Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery Initiative, which seeks to characterize the natural history, mechanisms, and long-term health effects of PASC in children and young adults to inform future treatment and prevention efforts. These initiatives include electronic health record cohorts, which offer rapid assessments at scale with geographical and demographic diversity, as well as longitudinal prospective observational cohorts, to estimate disease burden, illness trajectory, pathobiology, and clinical manifestations and outcomes.

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Immediate adverse events following immunization (AEFI) in drive-through COVID-19 vaccination campaign in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: A cross-sectional study

Chandra,

Nirwati,

Nugroho

2024

Indian J Med Res

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Background & objectives The COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented global immunization efforts, with drive-through vaccination campaigns established to expedite and ensure safe coverage. However, research on immediate adverse events following immunization (AEFI) in these settings is limited. This study aims to evaluate the frequency and characteristics of immediate AEFI during drive-through COVID-19 vaccination campaigns in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, using the Sinovac/CoronaVac vaccine Methods This cross-sectional study utilized secondary data from the local vaccine registry managed by the Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia, from July 27 to September 6, 2021. Participants included individuals aged over 11 yr without underlying medical conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, cancer, or asthma. Key characteristics recorded were age, gender, and AEFI. Results Out of 27,459 registrants, only 20,817 were eligible and received a dose. The median participant age was 20 yr (IQR 10); 47 per cent were male (9,712) and 53 per cent female (11,105). The highest vaccination day was September 6, 2021, with 3,883 doses (18%). Among the 79 participants who experienced AEFI [0.38%; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.30-0.47], the median age was 19 yr (IQR 8); 41 per cent were male (34) and 59 per cent female (48). Systemic adverse events (92%) were more common than local events (6.3%), with dizziness (77.2%) being most prevalent. Interpretation & conclusions The findings of this study suggest that immediate AEFI occurred rarely in the drive-through vaccination setting, indicating that this method appears safe and efficient for COVID-19 vaccinations, particularly in the context of immediate AEFI. Most adverse events were mild, underscoring the importance of preparedness and close monitoring in drive-through vaccination campaign sites to ensure patient safety and enhance vaccine confidence.

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What are the key pediatric public policy priorities as the COVID-19 pandemic persists?

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

American Pediatric Society 2023 Presidential Address-pathways and partnerships in academic pediatrics: the power of possibility

American Pediatric Society 2023 Presidential Address-pathways and partnerships in academic pediatrics: the power of possibility

Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 in Children

Immediate adverse events following immunization (AEFI) in drive-through COVID-19 vaccination campaign in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: A cross-sectional study

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