“…Their visibility has been intermittently recorded for millennia in various historical documents (Silverman, 1998(Silverman, , 2006Stephenson et al, 2004;Vaquero & Vázquez, 2009). These records provide valuable scientific insights into long-term solar variability and solar eruptions prior to telescopic observations (Silverman, 1992(Silverman, , 2006Willis and Stephenson, 2001;Willis & Davis, 2015;Ebihara et al, 2017;Hayakawa et al, 2017aHayakawa et al, , 2017bHayakawa et al, , 2019aHayakawa et al, , 2019bHattori et al, 2019;Stephenson et al, 2019), particularly when considered in combination with cosmogenic isotope data (Usoskin et al, 2007;Inceoglu et al, 2015;Usoskin, 2017;Barnard et al, 2018;Miyake et al, 2019).…”