This paper proposes a spatial narrative approach in understanding the wayfinding spatial experience of hospital visitors in a building environment. Narrative actions involved in wayfinding journeys are explored and analysed using tours and maps reading (de Certeau, 1984) as analysis tools. The study aims at gaining an understanding of how wayfinding spatial experience of visitors is organized. This study reveals that wayfinding consists of both itinerary and spatial knowledge that always relate to and influence each other. Understanding hospital visitors" wayfinding spatial experience comprehensively can expand our knowledge for designing a supportive healthcare facility"s environment.Keywords: wayfinding; spatial experience; tours and maps; narrative.
IntroductionThis paper discusses visitor"s wayfinding in a hospital environment. Hospitals are the environment that usually has large and complex layout where a problem of finding one"s way often occur, especially for patients and visitors who do not visit them frequently. The problem of wayfinding in a hospital can give many disadvantages for patients and visitors as the hospital users. Getting lost or being disoriented can cause anxiety and bring them in a stressful situation that may impact on their health condition. Wayfinding difficulty may also lead to the delay of obtaining medical treatment. For that reason, wayfinding has become an important factor in hospital design. It is one of the aspects that support hospital users" efficiency, safety and well-being (Carpman and Grant, 2016). Wayfinding becomes one of the parameters to the level of spatial quality of the healthcare facilities which affects the quality of service of the facilities (Haron et al., 2012, Samah et al., 2013.Wayfinding had been long known as a process that involved spatial knowledge and cognition. The studies based on this theoretical lens had revealed different strategies and supporting elements that people use to help them memorise routes and places. Wayfinding had also been considered as a process that involved decision making, made at decision points. The studies from this point of view provided information about the different level of wayfinding task and type of decision points. All of these studies discussed wayfinding as a process that involved the interaction between human-mind and space. There is still limited knowledge that discusses how the process of wayfinding also involves the interaction between human-body and space. This paper discusses the interaction between human-body and space during wayfinding, by considering wayfinding as a spatial experience. Spatial experience refers to how someone moves and relates to the surrounding space (Tuan, 1977). In this paper,