What controls microzooplankton biomass and herbivory rate across marginal seas of China?

Liu, Kailin; Chen, Bingzhang; Zheng, Liping; Su, Suhong; Huang, Bangqin; Chen, Mianrun; Liu, Hongbin

doi:10.1002/lno.11588

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…In addition, we found that even within the same biome (i.e., polar), rising temperature can exert a dual effect, accentuating or reducing grazing pressure. These patterns differ from predictions by MTE ( Brown et al, 2004 ; Bruno et al, 2015 ) and field observations supporting an increased grazing pressure with rising temperature ( O’Connor et al, 2009 ; Chen et al, 2012 ; Carr et al, 2018 ; Liu et al, 2021a , b ). By contrast, our results align with experimental evidence showing a negative relationship between temperature and grazing pressure ( Menden-Deuer et al, 2018 ; Liu et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 92%

Geographical and Seasonal Thermal Sensitivity of Grazing Pressure by Microzooplankton in Contrasting Marine Ecosystems

Cabrerizo

Marañón

2021

Front. Microbiol.

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Grazing pressure, estimated as the ratio between microzooplankton grazing and phytoplankton growth rates (g:μ), is a strong determinant of microbial food-web structure and element cycling in the upper ocean. It is generally accepted that g is more sensitive to temperature than μ, but it remains unknown how the thermal dependence (activation energy, Ea) of g:μ varies over spatial and temporal scales. To tackle this uncertainty, we used an extensive literature analysis obtaining 751 paired rate estimates of μ and g from dilution experiments performed throughout the world’s marine environments. On a geographical scale, we found a stimulatory effect of temperature in polar open-ocean (∼0.5 eV) and tropical coastal (∼0.2 eV) regions, and an inhibitory one in the remaining biomes (values between −0.1 and −0.4 eV). On a seasonal scale, the temperature effect on g:μ ratios was stimulatory, particularly in polar environments; however, the large variability existing between estimates resulted in non-significant differences among biomes. We observed that increases in nitrate availability stimulated the temperature dependence of grazing pressure (i.e., led to more positive Ea of g:μ) in open-ocean ecosystems and inhibited it in coastal ones, particularly in polar environments. The percentage of primary production grazed by microzooplankton (∼56%) was similar in all regions. Our results suggest that warming of surface ocean waters could exert a highly variable impact, in terms of both magnitude and direction (stimulation or inhibition), on microzooplankton grazing pressure in different ocean regions.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 92%

Geographical and Seasonal Thermal Sensitivity of Grazing Pressure by Microzooplankton in Contrasting Marine Ecosystems

Cabrerizo

Marañón

2021

Front. Microbiol.

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“…A superlinear decrease in grazing rates at low prey concentration has been observed in the lab studies of aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates and in theoretical studies (Real, 1977;Barrios-O'Neill et al, 2016). In the China Seas, the microzooplankton grazing rates are best described by a Holling type III functional response (Liu et al, 2021), providing evidence for the applicability of this functional response to whole populations, at least in the low and midlatitudes. Similarly, copepods go into diapause in the wintertime (Baumgartner and Tarrant, 2017), and this effectively reduces grazing pressure during winter; however, microzooplankton account for the majority of phytoplankton mortality in the ocean (Landry and Calbet, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Grazing behavior and winter phytoplankton accumulation

Freilich¹,

Mignot

Flierl

et al. 2021

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Recent observations have shown that phytoplankton biomass increases in the North Atlantic during winter, even when the mixed layer is deepening and light is limited. Current theories suggest that this is due to a release from grazing pressure. Here we demonstrate that the often-used grazing models that are linear at low phytoplankton concentration do not allow for a wintertime increase in phytoplankton biomass. However, mathematical formulations of grazing as a function of phytoplankton concentration that are quadratic at low concentrations (or more generally decrease faster than linearly as phytoplankton concentration decreases) can reproduce the fall to spring transition in phytoplankton, including wintertime biomass accumulation. We illustrate this point with a minimal model for the annual cycle of North Atlantic phytoplankton designed to simulate phytoplankton concentration as observed by BioGeoChemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats in the North Atlantic. This analysis provides a mathematical framework for assessing hypotheses of phytoplankton bloom formation.

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“…7). This pattern can be explained by the increasing part of the Holling III function that is unimodal with a peak at low prey concentrations (Liu et al 2021). Furthermore, it is also likely due to a shift of community composition toward more active grazers when Chl a increased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of nutrients and temperature in shaping distinct summer phytoplankton and microzooplankton population dynamics in the western North Pacific and Bering Sea

Liu

Nishioka

Chen

et al. 2023

Limnology & Oceanography

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Phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing are two critical processes in marine food webs, but they remain understudied in the vast area of the subarctic western Pacific and the Bering Sea. In this study, we measured phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing rates in these less‐explored regions to demonstrate their spatial patterns and investigate underlying mechanisms driving the planktonic food web dynamics. Our results showed that the phytoplankton growth in these regions was determined by nutrient availability and temperature. In the high‐nutrient, low‐chlorophyll regions (HNLC), iron availability was the primary factor limiting phytoplankton growth. In contrast, phytoplankton growth in the Gulf of Anadyr and Kamchatka Strait was mainly limited by inorganic nitrogen exhausted by the summer blooms. We found that microzooplankton grazing rate was affected by temperature and prey availability, highlighting the positive effect of temperature. Strong top‐down control on phytoplankton by microzooplankton in the Gulf of Anadyr and Kamchatka Strait indicated an active microbial food web with high turnover rates. In contrast, the decoupling of phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing in the HNLC regions illustrates a weak role of microzooplankton in the marine food web. These results indicated different food web structures in the areas with and without riverine iron input. By revealing the roles of temperature and nutrient or prey availability in regulating the spatial variability of plankton rates, we expect that the plankton will respond differently to ocean warming between the HNLC and coastal regions of the subarctic Pacific due to different nutrient conditions. Our study helps understand how marine plankton will respond to environmental changes at high latitudes.

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What controls microzooplankton biomass and herbivory rate across marginal seas of China?

Cited by 16 publications

References 56 publications

Geographical and Seasonal Thermal Sensitivity of Grazing Pressure by Microzooplankton in Contrasting Marine Ecosystems

Geographical and Seasonal Thermal Sensitivity of Grazing Pressure by Microzooplankton in Contrasting Marine Ecosystems

Grazing behavior and winter phytoplankton accumulation

Role of nutrients and temperature in shaping distinct summer phytoplankton and microzooplankton population dynamics in the western North Pacific and Bering Sea

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