What do we know about the effect of patch size on primate species across life history traits?

Carretero-Pinzón, Xyomara; Defler, Thomas R.; McAlpine, Clive; Rhodes, Jonathan R.

doi:10.1007/s10531-015-1028-z

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…It is useful to analyse the determinants which influence home range size and what influences home range sizes between groups in the same habitat [11–14]. Patterns of ranging behaviour can be influenced by the distribution and abundance of food trees [15–19], phenology [20,21], body size [22–24], group size [25–28], location of night trees [29–35], interaction between conspecific groups [36] and the need to patrol territorial boundaries [37–41]. Calculating home range overlap provides information about the area shared between groups, this area represents a shared space where gibbons compete for food resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Home range variation and site fidelity of Bornean southern gibbons [Hylobates albibarbis] from 2010-2018

et al. 2019

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Gibbons are highly territorial and have two key areas within these territories. The core area in which we find all sleeping trees and the trees from which the gibbons duet and the wider home range (HR) which has varying levels of overlap with neighbouring gibbon groups. The core area is strenously defended, with the wider HR being more of a shared area for neighbouring groups. We present ranging and movement data on four wild gibbon groups from January 2010 to July 2018. Global Positioning System (GPS) data were collected every 5 mins on habitauted groups in Sebangau, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia resulting in 35,521 waypoints. Gibbon home- and corerange sizes were calculated using 95%, and 50%, volume contours of kernel density estimates. Home-ranges ranged from 58.74–147.75 ha with a mean of 95.7 ± SD 37.75 ha, the highest of comparable Hylobates species. Core-range size ranged from 20.7–51.31 ha with a mean size of 31.7 ± SD 13.76 ha. Gibbons had consistant site fidelity for their home- and core ranges; percentage overlap ranged from 4.3 23.97% with a mean 16.5 ± SD 8.65% overlap in home-range area. Core ranges did not overlap with the exception of two groups, in which a 0.64 ha (2.69%) overlap occurred. Unsurprisingly forest loss from fire does affect the location of the HR of the impacted group, but does not appear to affect adjacent groups, though more data are needed on this. Understanding the complex use of space of these territorial animals is important in assessing both carrying capacity for wild populations and understading how reintroduced gibbon pairs will establish their core and HR.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Home range variation and site fidelity of Bornean southern gibbons [Hylobates albibarbis] from 2010-2018

et al. 2019

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“…This sample agrees with the general reported trend that Malagasy taxa respond negatively to anthropogenic habitat change (Gardner, 2009; Knoop et al, 2018). However, the preponderance of confounding factors inherently linked to fragmentation (Ewers & Didham, 2006; Miller‐Rushing et al, 2019) makes it difficult to extricate fragmentation's true impact and to then characterize a general response of lemurs to fragmentation, a challenge that has been emphasized by studies across non‐human primates (Carretero‐Pinzón et al, 2016; Onderdonk & Chapman, 2000). Although every fragmented landscape is unique, the wide variety of fragment metrics employed across examined studies in Madagascar, an unclear distinction between “fragments” and “continuous” forests, and the breadth of tests employed to examine fragmentation's effects, indicate the challenge of working across nonstandardized definitions of fragmentation (Ewers & Didham, 2006; for primates: Arroyo‐Rodríguez et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A meta‐analytic and pantropical study of the responses of 116 primate species to habitat disturbance revealed an overall decrease in primate biodiversity metrics (e.g., species richness, abundance) in disturbed environments (Almeida‐Rocha et al, 2017). With an increasing number of studies on primates in fragments being published (Arroyo‐Rodríguez & Fahrig, 2014; Marsh & Chapman, 2013) and encouraged (Arroyo‐Rodríguez & Fahrig, 2014; Arroyo‐Rodríguez & Mandujano, 2009), numerous comprehensive reviews have assessed the responses of primates to fragmentation (Benchimol & Peres, 2014; Carretero‐Pinzón, Defler, McAlpine, & Rhodes, 2016), reporting numerous responses to its effects (Arroyo‐Rodríguez et al, 2013). Often no clear species traits predict primate persistence in fragments (Gibbons & Harcourt, 2009; Onderdonk & Chapman, 2000); however, a general trend of decreasing species richness with fragmentation, as defined by fragment area, appears to hold across most primate regions (in Asia, Madagascar, and South America: Gibbons & Harcourt, 2009; Harcourt & Doherty, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in forest fragment research in Madagascar: Documented responses by lemurs and other taxa

Kling

Yaeger

Wright

2020

American J Primatol

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The rise in research investigating fragmentation and its impact on primates and other taxa reflects the growing presence of fragmented landscapes themselves. Although numerous studies report the negative effects of fragmentation on biodiversity, it is difficult to generalize responses to fragmentation for specific taxonomic groups, such as non-human primates, when studies have not employed a definitive concept of fragmentation or fragments themselves. Madagascar's high degree of fragmentation, wealth of endemic taxa, and extensive history of ecological research provide the opportunity to compare fragmentation studies across similar contexts. We conducted a literature search of peer-reviewed articles on fragmentation in Madagascar to characterize its trends. A total of 70 articles, 46 of which concentrated on lemurs, tested the impacts of fragmentation on Malagasy taxa, while additional sources conducted research in one or more fragments without testing its effects (n = 112 total, 79 on lemurs). Studies on lemurs most frequently tested fragmentation's impacts on genetics and biodiversity metrics (n = 16 and 15 studies, respectively), although health, modeling, behavioral, and cross-disciplinary techniques were also reported. Responses to fragmentation were reported for 49 lemur species, with most studies concentrated in eastern Madagascar (87%). Although there was variation in the metrics reported in studies testing the effects of fragmentation on Malagasy species, the most common measures were fragment area, isolation, or comparison to a control site. Landscape-scale approaches and examination of fragmentation per se were rarely employed. Characterizing trends of fragmentation research in Madagascar emphasizes the challenges of documenting fragmentation's effects while highlighting the benefits of research within fragmented landscapes, particularly when combined with consideration for how the matrix within human-modified landscapes may impact primate populations. K E Y W O R D S forest fragments, fragmentation, lemurs, literature search, Madagascar

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“…Habitat loss and fragmentation are two of the main drivers of primate species declines (Rylands et al 2008a;Schwitzer et al 2015). Although these processes occur at the landscape level, most primate research has been focussed on effects of site and patch scales, with little focus on the landscape scale effects (Arroyo-Rodriguez et al 2013a, Arroyo-Rodriguez & Fahrig 2014, Carretero-Pinzón et al 2015. Therefore, the understanding of the effect of site, patch and landscape variables on primate species' responses to habitat loss and fragmentation is still unclear, but necessary for primate conservation.…”

Section: Effects Of Habitat Loss and Fragmentation On Primatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies have been conducted using the first approach to assess group changes in ecological and behavioural variables comparing one or several groups in small fragments to one or two groups of primates in a larger fragment or continuous forest (Chapman et al 2005a;Arroyo-Rodriguez & Dias 2010;. Although we have information on primate species responses to changes in patch size (Carretero-Pinzón et al 2015), the effect of habitat loss and fragmentation processes at different scale has been done only in a few studies (Thornton et al 2011;Arroyo-Rodriguez et al 2013b). …”

Section: Effects Of Habitat Loss and Fragmentation On Primatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation planning for primate communities in rapidly transforming landscapes

Carretero-Pinzón¹

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Deforestation in tropical forests is a leading cause of biodiversity loss, including for primate species. In this context the processes, habitat loss and fragmentation are two of the main drivers of primate population declines. However, we still know little about the importance of each of these processes (i.e. habitat loss and fragmentation) across different scales for understanding impacts on primate populations. In particular, the vast majority of primate studies on the effect of habitat loss and fragmentation have been conducted only at the patch scale, without paying attention to patterns and processes at broader landscape scales. Understanding how habitat loss and fragmentation affect primate species' occurrence, abundance, group structure is important to propose improved management actions for primates in fragmented landscapes. This thesis evaluates the effect of landscape change on primate species occupancy, abundance, group structure at different scales and incorporates them into a systematic conservation planning process.The thesis has four aims: 1) determine what we currently know about the effects of patch size in primates and whether or not it varies across life history traits; 2) determine the relative importance of site-scale, patch-scale and landscape-scale variables for primate species occupancy and abundance in the Colombian Llanos; 3) determine the relative importance of site-scale, patch-scale and landscape-scale variables for primate species group density, composition and size in the Colombian Llanos; and 4) based on the model from (3) identify priority conservation areas for primate conservation in the Colombian Llanos, using systematic conservation planning. To address these, I first conducted a systematic review of the published literature to determine what we know about the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on primate species and whether or not those effects relate to life history traits. Then I use a multi-scale analysis of the variables affecting the occurrence, abundance, group size and composition of primate species in fragmented landscapes, using four primate species of the Colombian Llanos as examples. I then incorporate the models developed for the Colombian Llanos primate species into a prioritization process using systematic conservation planning.iii My systematic review shows that density, parasitic prevalence and diversity, and time spent feeding are generally positively correlated with patch size, while species presence and genetic diversity are negatively correlated. Time spent resting and moving did not show clear patterns with changes in patch size. I found little evidence that the effect of patch size varies consistently with traits but this may be due to confounding factors and/or low sample sizes. My novel application of a multi-scaled analysis to primates in the Colombian Llanos demonstrated that occupancy was associated with a combination of patch-site variables, site-landscape or patchlandscape variables depending on the primate species, with site and ...

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What do we know about the effect of patch size on primate species across life history traits?

Cited by 15 publications

References 78 publications

Home range variation and site fidelity of Bornean southern gibbons [Hylobates albibarbis] from 2010-2018

Home range variation and site fidelity of Bornean southern gibbons [Hylobates albibarbis] from 2010-2018

Trends in forest fragment research in Madagascar: Documented responses by lemurs and other taxa

Conservation planning for primate communities in rapidly transforming landscapes

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