What do we know about indoor air quality in school classrooms? A critical review of the literature

Chatzidiakou, Lia; Mumovic, Dejan; Summerfield, Alex

doi:10.1080/17508975.2012.725530

Cited by 140 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…Therefore, it is necessary to look for a balance between the energy usage to achieve/maintain thermal comfort and the ventilation requirements to guarantee indoor air quality [27]. Sometimes, both conditions are in conflict, with situations as is described in different publications and works, as the ones studied by Wargocki and Wyon [28], Almeida and Freitas [19] or Pereira [29].…”

Section: Indoor Environmental Quality (Ieq) In Schoolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural ventilation systems to enhance sustainability in buildings: a review towards zero energy buildings in schools

et al. 2017

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Abstract. European regulations set the condition of Zero Energy Buildings for new buildings since 2020, with an intermediate milestone in 2018 for public buildings, in order to control greenhouse gases emissions control and climate change mitigation. Given that main fraction of energy consumption in buildings operation is due to HVAC systems, advances in its design and operation conditions are required. One key element for energy demand control is passive design of buildings. On this purpose, different recent studies and publications analyse natural ventilation systems potential to provide indoor air quality and comfort conditions minimizing electric power consumption. In these passive systems are of special relevance their capacities as passive cooling systems as well as air renovation systems, especially in high-density occupied spaces. With adequate designs, in warm/mild climates natural ventilation systems can be used along the whole year, maintaining indoor air quality and comfort conditions with small support of other heating/cooling systems. In this paper is analysed the state of the art of natural ventilation systems applied to high density occupied spaces with special focus on school buildings. The paper shows the potential and applicability of these systems for energy savings and discusses main criteria for their adequate integration in school building designs.

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Section: Indoor Environmental Quality (Ieq) In Schoolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural ventilation systems to enhance sustainability in buildings: a review towards zero energy buildings in schools

et al. 2017

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“…Moreover, children's bodies are still developing and the effect of environmental risk can interfere with the growth of their lung function as well as their immune systems and permitting infections to their body (Edwards and Langpap, 2012). The last two periods showed the potential significance of poor air quality for the children's health, which exposed them to air pollutants in indoor environments (Chatzidiakou et al, 2012) especially in urban area (Padhi et al, 2010).…”

Section: Ajasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of these exceeded the annual WHO guideline, which is 50 µg/m 3 (WHO, 2011). They also discovered that the cause is mainly because vehicles exhaust emissions from construction or urbanization activities (Chatzidiakou et al, 2012). Guo et al (2010) also studied on the influence of outdoor air pollution on indoor level of PM 2.5 in the school environment .…”

Section: Reported Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha as Biomarkers of Exposure to Indoor Pollutants Among Primary School Children in Klang Valley

Jalaludin

Noh

Suhaimi

et al. 2014

American Journal of Applied Sciences

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Poor indoor air quality can be particularly harmful to children and interfere with the growth of their lung function as they spend much of their time indoors. In order to understand the mechanism of exposure in the airways, biomarkers were used as a surrogate for biological responses towards indoor air pollutants. This study aims to investigate the association between indoor air pollutants (PM 2.5 , PM 10 and NO 2 ) among school children in different area of urban and rural site in Klang Valley. A cross sectional comparative study was conducted among 430 healthy schoolchildren from a national primary school. Methods involved questionnaires based on American Thoracic Society and sputum samples for biomarkers assay. Indoor exposure to PM 2.5 and PM 10 (Dust Trak Aerosol Monitor) and NO 2 (LaMotte Air Sampler) were measured in the classroom. Mean concentration of PM 2.5 (50.72 µg/m 3 ) in urban schools were significantly higher compared to rural (28.36 µg/m 3 ) school. Similar trend found in indoor level of PM 10 in urban and rural schools with 87.04 µg/m 3 and 56.76 µg/m 3 respectively. The mean exposure level of NO 2 of urban schools (0.12 ppm) is nearly 4 times higher than the level in rural areas (0.032 ppm). A significant association was found between indoor air concentrations (PM 2.5 and PM 10 ) with TNF-alpha level. Children from rural areas are exposed to less air pollutants compared to those from urban area and this study also suggests that higher exposure to PM 2.5 , PM 10 and NO 2 are associated with increasing of TNF-alpha level.

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“…However, even lower concentrations can cause discomfort, headache or tiredness to sensitive individuals (7). Relatively high concentrations of CO2 have been linked, for example, to a decrease in performance of children at school (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon dioxide measurements using long period grating optical fibre sensor coated with metal organic framework HKUST-1

Hromádka

Tokay

Correia

et al. 2018

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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An optical fibre long period grating (LPG) based carbon dioxide (CO2) sensor coated with HKUST-1, a material from the metal organic framework family, functional coating is presented. In-situ crystallization and layer by layer (LbL) techniques of HKUST-1 thin film synthesis are compared in terms of the feasibility of the deposition procedure (time and cost efficiency) and the sensitivity of the film to carbon dioxide. The sensing mechanism is based on the measurement of the change of the refractive index (RI) of the coating that is induced by the penetration of CO2 molecules into the HKUST-1 pores. The HKUST-1 film was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thickness and refractive index (RI) of the 10, 20 and 40 layers thick films were determined using ellipsoetry. The crystallinity of the films was examined by X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD). While no response to CO2 was observed for the sensor coated using the in-situ crystallization technique, an LPG modified with 10, 20 and 40 layers of HKUST-1 films using LbL method upon exposure to CO2 in the range of 500 ppm to 40,000 ppm showed good sensitivity. The film containing 40 layers exhibited the highest sensitivity to CO2 with an obtained detection limit of 401 ppm.

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What do we know about indoor air quality in school classrooms? A critical review of the literature

Cited by 140 publications

References 114 publications

Natural ventilation systems to enhance sustainability in buildings: a review towards zero energy buildings in schools

Natural ventilation systems to enhance sustainability in buildings: a review towards zero energy buildings in schools

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha as Biomarkers of Exposure to Indoor Pollutants Among Primary School Children in Klang Valley

Carbon dioxide measurements using long period grating optical fibre sensor coated with metal organic framework HKUST-1

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