Carbon dioxide measurements using long period grating optical fibre sensor coated with metal organic framework HKUST-1

Abstract

An optical fibre long period grating (LPG) based carbon dioxide (CO2) sensor coated with HKUST-1, a material from the metal organic framework family, functional coating is presented. In-situ crystallization and layer by layer (LbL) techniques of HKUST-1 thin film synthesis are compared in terms of the feasibility of the deposition procedure (time and cost efficiency) and the sensitivity of the film to carbon dioxide. The sensing mechanism is based on the measurement of the change of the refractive index (RI) of the coating that is induced by the penetration of CO2 molecules into the HKUST-1 pores. The HKUST-1 film was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thickness and refractive index (RI) of the 10, 20 and 40 layers thick films were determined using ellipsoetry. The crystallinity of the films was examined by X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD). While no response to CO2 was observed for the sensor coated using the in-situ crystallization technique, an LPG modified with 10, 20 and 40 layers of HKUST-1 films using LbL method upon exposure to CO2 in the range of 500 ppm to 40,000 ppm showed good sensitivity. The film containing 40 layers exhibited the highest sensitivity to CO2 with an obtained detection limit of 401 ppm.

Corrosion Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring of Oil and Natural Gas Infrastructure: A Review

“…The LPG sensor with an electroplated Fe–C coating has been studied to monitor corrosion-induced mass loss [59,60]. LPG sensors can also monitor environmental parameters related to corrosion such as pH [61,62,63,64], humidity [65,66,67,68], CO 2 [69,70,71], H 2 S [72,73], Cl − and salinity [74,75,76,77]. More details on LPG based sensors can be found in References [56,78].…”

Strategies for Overcoming Defects of HKUST‐1 and Its Relevant Applications

“…Through measuring the changing refractive index (RI) of HKUST‐1 film, CO 2 concentration can be monitored in real time. But only preparing film by layer‐by‐layer techniques, can it work efficiently …”

Recent Progress in Fabrications and Applications of Heating-Induced Long Period Fiber Gratings

“…Hromadka et al presented a SLPFG-based carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) sensor by coated with HKUST-1, i.e., a material from the metal–organic frame on the fiber. The SLPFG coated with 40 layers HKUST-1 by means of layer-by-layer techniques was sensitive to the CO 2 concentration between 2000 and 40,000 ppm with a detection limit of 401 ppm [70]. The methane sensor was fabricated by depositing the inclusion of cryptophane A in the styrene–acrylonitrile cladding on the SLPFGs, where the sensing film is sensitive to the adsorption of methane in the surroundings.…”

“…Various heating-induced LPFGs in conventional fiber [12,13,22,28,35,46,47], photonic crystal fiber (PCF) [14,15,16,29,48], and photonic bandgap fiber (PBF) [27,30,31] could then be successfully written. LPFG-based devices have recently attracted great attention and found versatile applications, such as in all-fiber orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode converters [11,13,14,17,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56], and strain [48,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64], pressure [16,29,30,65,66], torsion [16,19,38,46] and biochemical sensors [67,68,69,70,71,72,73].…”