What do we know about the malaria vaccines?

Azab, Mohammad E.

doi:10.21608/puj.2019.19051.1053

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Each cycle in the RBC lasts 2–3 days, but the trophozoite remains undetectable since it is concealed within the cell. The trophozoite exports antigens to the RBC membrane's outer surface, and these antigens could be identified 47 . People infected with Plasmodium have enough opportunity to build antibodies to the proteins that Plasmodium uses to infect RBCs 48 , 49 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi-epitope vaccine designed against blood-stage of malaria: an immunoinformatic and structural approach

Atapour

Vosough

Jafari

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Malaria is a complex disease caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The most severe form of malaria disease is caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Thus, a combination of different approaches is needed to control malaria. Resistance to first-line drugs and insecticides, on the other hand, makes the need for an effective vaccination more urgent than ever. Because erythrocyte parasites cause the most clinical symptoms, developing a vaccination for this stage of infection might be highly beneficial. In this research, we employed various bioinformatics methods to create an efficient multi-epitope vaccine that induces antibodies against the blood stage of malaria infection. For this purpose, we selected the malaria PfGARP protein as the target here. The B, HTL epitopes, and epitope conservation were predicted. The predicted epitopes (including 5 B and 5 HTL epitopes) were connected using suitable linkers, and the flagellin molecule was used as an adjuvant to improve its immunogenicity. The final construct vaccine with 414 amino acids long was designed. The vaccine's allergenicity, antigenicity, solubility, physicochemical characteristics, 2D and 3D structure modeling, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, in silico cloning, and immunological simulation were tested. In silico immune simulation results showed significantly elevated IgG1 and IgM and T helper cells, INF γ, IL 2, and B-cell populations after the injection of the designed vaccine. These significant computational analyses indicated that our proposed vaccine candidate might activate suitable immune responses against malaria. However, in vitro and in vivo studies are essential for further validation.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi-epitope vaccine designed against blood-stage of malaria: an immunoinformatic and structural approach

Atapour

Vosough

Jafari

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Accomplished vaccines were intended to target the various stages of the parasite sporozoites; hepatic stages (merozoites, schizonts, and hypnozoites) and erythrocytic stages (rings, trophozoites, schizonts, gametocytes). Accordingly, three main types of vaccines were considered for targeting the different stages of the parasites' life cycle: vaccines for pre-erythrocytic stages to decrease the probability of infection; vaccines for erythrocytic stages to control the infection and minimize pathological effects; vaccines to block transmission and prevent infected mosquitoes from spreading the disease; it could minimize malaria burden and mortality in Africa and in other parts of the world's most malarial continent [107]. The goals of vaccine development were four phases of the malaria parasite's life cycle (Fig.…”

Section: Several Candidates Have Recently Been Identifiedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent trials have yielded a successful malaria vaccine and highlighted two malaria vaccines with promising outcomes: a P. falciparum sporozoites PfSPZ vaccine made by Sanaria Inc., and a recombinant fusion proteins formula (RTS,S/AS01) made by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), commercially known as 'Mosquirix' [107].…”

Section: Several Candidates Have Recently Been Identifiedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eradication of Malaria: Present Situations and New Strategies

Alsulami

2021

JPRI

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Malaria is a serious disease caused by the protozoon parasite Plasmodium and transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito as a vector. P. falciparum is the gravest infection for all other species P. ovale, P. vivax, P. Malariae and P. knowlesi in terms of morbidity or mortality, which is why most research focused on P. falciparum. The disease affects about 300-500 million people, mostly in the tropics. In regions with a weak economic downturn in tropical and subtropical capital, morbidity and mortality have elevated. Malaria remains a persistent threat in recent research. At the beginning of the 20th century, scientists tried to describe a successful way of eradicating malaria. However, the presence of drug resistance and social and environmental problems, no acceptable and positive future solution has been pointed out. Several studies have highlighted the need to establish advanced nano-biotechnology treatment, novel anti-malarial drug targets, an efficient malaria vaccine technique, and Anopheles gene editing, which opened the door to a healthy, environmentally friendly malaria treatment method over the last two decades. In recent years, the use of mosquito microbiota has shown great potential for cutting down the transmission of mosquito-borne pathogens. This review aims to cover important issues in malarial eradication as rapid diagnostic technology, novel anti-malarial drug targets, Anopheles gene editing, use of mosquito microbiota, and recent vaccines.

show abstract

“…Each cycle in the RBC lasts 2-3 days, but the trophozoite remains undetectable since it is concealed within the cell. The trophozoite exports antigens to the RBC membrane's outer surface and these antigens could be identi ed [29]. Plasmodium conducts numerous cycles of RBC infection, giving infected people time to develop antibodies that identify these proteins.…”

Section: Structural Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multi-Epitope Vaccine Designed Against Blood-Stage of Malaria: An Immunoinformatic And Structural Approach

Atapour

Vosough

Jafari

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Malaria is a complex disease caused by genus Plasmodiumis parasites and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The most severe form of malaria disease is caused by Plasmodium falciparum. A combination of different approaches is needed to control malaria, and on the other hand, resistance to first-line drugs and insecticides makes the need for an effective vaccine more mandatory than ever. Erythrocyte parasites have the most clinical symptoms, so designing the potential vaccine for this stage of infection could be very helpful. In this research, we used various bioinformatics tools to design an effective antibody-inducing multi-epitope vaccine against the blood-stage of malaria infection. For this purpose, we selected the malaria PfGARP protein as the target here. The predicted B and HTL epitopes and flagellin molecule (as an adjuvant) were connected with suitable linkers and the final construct vaccine was designed. The various properties of this construct, including physicochemical properties, 3D structures, molecular docking, molecular simulations, and in silico cloning were then carried out. Based on preliminary findings, our designed fusion construct could be proposed as a novel potential vaccine candidate against Malaria. However, in vitro and in vivo studies are essential for further validation.

show abstract

What do we know about the malaria vaccines?

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

A multi-epitope vaccine designed against blood-stage of malaria: an immunoinformatic and structural approach

A multi-epitope vaccine designed against blood-stage of malaria: an immunoinformatic and structural approach

Eradication of Malaria: Present Situations and New Strategies

A Multi-Epitope Vaccine Designed Against Blood-Stage of Malaria: An Immunoinformatic And Structural Approach

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About