What Does Global Land Climate Look Like at 2°C Warming?

Park, Taejin; Hashimoto, Hirofumi; Wang, Weile; Thrasher, Bridget; Michaelis, Andrew; Lee, Tsengdar; Brosnan, Ian G.; Nemani, Ramakrishna R.

doi:10.1029/2022ef003330

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The increased global 21st century extreme fire weather risk under the SSP2‐4.5 warming scenarios evident in this study is in general agreement with recent literature that assess future wildfire risk (Abatzoglou et al., 2019; Park et al., 2022; Touma et al., 2021). Similarly, the reductions in extreme fire weather events in the boreal regions of North America, Europe, and Asia, as well as northeast Brazil in the ARISE‐SAI‐1.5 simulations shown in this study support previous studies that investigate the impact of SCI on burn area, fire emissions, and fire danger (Burton et al., 2018; Tang et al., 2023).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This may be due to model uncertainty across the CMIP6 ensemble in the representation of decadal variability over different regions, and differences in the baseline period used in the analysis (Park et al. (2022) used 1950–1979 while this study uses 2015–2035).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Interestingly, these decadal variations are not present when assessing global averages of extreme fire weather conditions across the CMIP6 ensemble under SSP2-4.5 (Park et al, 2022). This may be due to model uncertainty across the CMIP6 ensemble in the representation of decadal variability over different regions, and differences in the baseline period used in the analysis (Park et al (2022(Park et al ( ) used 1950(Park et al ( -1979 while this study uses 2015-2035).…”

Section: Global Fire Weather Risk Under Climate Changementioning

confidence: 87%

“…A modified version of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index (FWI; Dowdy et al., 2009; Wagner, 1987) is used to quantify meteorological conditions related to wildfire spread. The FWI is based on an empirical model that was developed for conditions observed in Canada, but has been employed for global studies (e.g., Flannigan et al., 2013; Jolly et al., 2015; Park et al., 2022). As with any empirical index, the contributing variables do not interact linearly and so the relationship may evolve or change over time as different variables exacerbate or counteract each other (Barbero et al., 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Larger and more severe fires in western North America, Siberia, Australia and the Amazon have been linked to anthropogenic warming through enhanced long‐term drying and more frequent extreme fire weather conditions (Abatzoglou et al., 2021; Balch et al., 2018; Goss et al., 2020; Juang et al., 2022). As global temperatures continue to warm due to increases in human‐driven greenhouse gas emissions, drier conditions and a higher likelihood of extreme fire weather conditions are expected over many regions (Abatzoglou et al., 2019; Park et al., 2022; Touma et al., 2021). Under a moderate anthropogenic emissions scenario, approximately 3‐fold increases in extreme fire weather conditions are expected by 2100 over large parts of the globe (Park et al., 2022), and under a high emission scenario, extreme fire weather frequency is expected to emerge above the historic variability in 70% of the globe by 2080, including western North America, the Amazon, and Siberia, potentially leading to a “new normal” of wildfire occurrence and severity (Abatzoglou et al., 2019; Touma et al., 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Stratospheric Aerosol Injection on Extreme Fire Weather Risk

et al. 2023

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Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) would potentially be effective in limiting global warming and preserving large‐scale temperature patterns; however, there are still gaps in understanding the impact of SAI on wildfire risk. In this study, extreme fire weather is assessed in an Earth system model experiment that deploys SAI beginning in 2035, targeting a global temperature increase of 1.5°C above pre‐industrial levels under a moderate warming scenario. After SAI deployment, increases in extreme fire weather event frequency from climate change are dampened over much of the globe, including the Mediterranean, northeast Brazil, and eastern Europe. However, SAI has little impact over the western Amazon and northern Australia and causes larger increases in extreme fire weather frequency in west central Africa relative to the moderate emissions scenario. Variations in the impacts of warming and SAI on moisture conditions on different time scales determine the spatiotemporal differences in extreme fire weather frequency changes, and are plausibly linked to changes in synoptic‐scale circulation. This study highlights that regional and spatial heterogeneities of SAI climate effects simulated in a model are amplified when assessing wildfire risk, and that these differences must be accounted for when quantifying the possible benefit of SAI.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Global Fire Weather Risk Under Climate Changementioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Stratospheric Aerosol Injection on Extreme Fire Weather Risk

et al. 2023

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Responsiveness of Arabica coffee cultivars to skeleton pruning in a low‐altitude region

Filla,

Coelho,

Meirelles

et al. 2024

Crop Science

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Skeleton pruning is a type of pruning that, by cutting lateral branches (plagiotropic), allows the reinvigoration of coffee plants through the renewal of productive branches. The crop response to this management may be affected by several factors, such as the trees age, crop practices and, mainly, the genotype. This study aimed to identify the Arabica coffee cultivars with greatest responsiveness to skeleton pruning and desirable productive and qualitative characteristics in a low‐altitude region. The experiment was conducted in northeastern São Paulo state, Brazil, at an altitude of 565 meters. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four replicates, and the treatments consisted of 17 short‐stature Arabica coffee cultivars. On average, the responsiveness of the cultivars to pruning was 32% in the first year and 14% in the second year. The cultivars IAC Catuaí SH3, IAC Ouro Verde, IAC Obatã 4739, Tupi IAC 1669‐33, Catiguá MG1, Oeiras MG 6851, Pau‐Brasil MG1, Sacramento MG1, IPR 99, IPR 103 and Sabiá Tardio were responsive to skeleton pruning. Among these, Catiguá, Oeiras, Sacramento and Sabiá stood out with pruning responsiveness above 45%. The cultivars Obatã IAC 4739, Tupi IAC 1669‐33 and Catuaí SH3 stood out in terms of yield, with an average between 40 and 50 bags ha−1. In addition to high yields, the cultivar Obatã IAC 4739 obtained grains with higher weight and sieve 17. Skeleton pruning was found to be genotype‐dependent and emerged as a viable alternative for revitalizing Arabica coffee cultivars in low‐altitude regions.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Multi‐Pathways for Sustainable Fuel Production from Biomass Using Zirconium‐Based Catalysts: A Comprehensive Review

Purnama,

Trisunaryanti,

Wijaya

et al. 2023

Energy Tech

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Numerous concerns, including environmental impact and public health issues, drive the urgent need to replace nonrenewable fossil fuels with renewable energy sources, with biomass emerging as a viable alternative globally. In this comprehensive review, the urgent need to transition from nonrenewable fossil fuels to renewable energy sources is addressed, focusing on biomass as a global alternative. It examines the role of zirconium‐based catalysts in converting biomass into biofuels and hydrogen. Various biomass extraction methods based on the thermochemical processes (pyrolysis, gasification, hydrothermal liquefaction, hydrocracking, and steam reforming) are explored, including their merits and limitations. Additionally, the properties of zirconium‐based catalysts and their catalytic efficiency in biomass conversion are assessed, highlighting the factors influencing their performance. In this literature review, the promising potential of zirconium‐based catalysts in enhancing the sustainability and efficiency of global biofuel production from biomass is revealed. It underscores the critical role of biomass as a renewable energy source and highlights the significance of zirconium‐based catalysts in advancing sustainable biofuel production. It offers insights into addressing environmental concerns, promoting public health, and supporting the global transition toward renewable energy solutions.

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What Does Global Land Climate Look Like at 2°C Warming?

Cited by 28 publications

References 58 publications

The Impact of Stratospheric Aerosol Injection on Extreme Fire Weather Risk

The Impact of Stratospheric Aerosol Injection on Extreme Fire Weather Risk

Responsiveness of Arabica coffee cultivars to skeleton pruning in a low‐altitude region

Multi‐Pathways for Sustainable Fuel Production from Biomass Using Zirconium‐Based Catalysts: A Comprehensive Review

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