What Else Can CD39 Tell Us?

Abstract

As the rate-limiting enzyme in ATP/ADP–AMP–adenosine pathway, CD39 would be a novel checkpoint inhibitor target in preventing adenosine-triggered immune-suppressive effect. In addition, CD39hi Tregs, but not CD25hi Tregs, exhibit sustained Foxp3 levels and functional abilities, indicating it could represent a new specific marker of Tregs. Similarly, inhibition of CD39 enzymatic function at the surface of tumor cells alleviates their immunosuppressive activity. Far from conclusive, present research revealed that CD39 also dephosphorylated and thus inactivated self- and pathogen-associated phosphoantigens of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, which may be the most promising subpopulation for cellular vaccine. CD39 is also tightly related to Th17 cells and can be regarded as a Th17 cells marker. In this review, we focus on present research of CD39 ectoenzyme and provide insights into its clinical application.

CD39 positive regulatory T cell frequency as a biomarker of treatment response to methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis

“…Previously, the SNP in the CD39 gene has been shown to be associated with increased susceptibility to Crohn's disease and a slower progression to acquired immune deficiency syndrome in human immunodeficiency virus‐infected individuals . CD39 expression has also been associated with identification of CD8 + regulatory T cells and regulatory B cells . Therefore, CD39 polymorphisms may affect CD39 expression on these cells in addition to that on Tregs and CD4 + CD25 + T cells, hence contributing to immunosuppressive effects.…”

Purinergic Signaling Receptors Expression on Peripheral T-Lymphocytes of Healthy Donors

“…Компоненты пуринергиче-ской системы (подобно цитокинам и хемокинам) принимают участие в регуляции функций клеток иммунной системы и развитии эффективного от-вета, направленного на элиминацию внеклеточных и внутриклеточных патогенов, собственных изме-ненных клеток и/или погибших клеток [1,2,3,4].…”

Molecular adjuvants that modulate regulatory T cell function in vaccination: A critical appraisal

“…Inhibition of CD39 with enzymatic inhibitors and adenosine receptor antagonists blocks Treg function. Different molecular structures, some of which have already been used in clinical studies for diverse indications, are being evaluated to block adenosinemediated immune suppression as a therapeutic alternative for different diseases and as a vaccine adjuvant [148,150]. However, even though CD39, CD73, adenosine, and adenosine receptors act in synergy, they are not equal, and each represents a unique target with a singular profile.…”

“…However, even though CD39, CD73, adenosine, and adenosine receptors act in synergy, they are not equal, and each represents a unique target with a singular profile. Thus, a thorough investigation of the expression and the role of each molecule is required for future clinical use in vaccines [149,150].…”