What Influences Successful Communication? An Examination of Cognitive Load and Individual Differences

Navarro, Ester; Macnamara, Brooke N.; Glucksberg, Sam; Conway, Andrew R. A.

doi:10.1080/0163853x.2020.1829936

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…By and large, the use of mood system, modality, and pronoun in the speech text under study indicate the high power or solidarity, good intimacy, and familiarity as well. In this regard, this findings mirrors the previous findings saying that cohesion devices and other linguistics resources might differently contribute to frame a comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of any kind of text (Schubert, 2019;Silke et al, 2019;Yin, 2017;Zhan & Huang, 2018) and the socio discourse competence is of benefit in constructing certain text (Afzaal, 2020;Cartagena & Prego-vázquez, 2018;Määttä et al, 2021;Navarro et al, 2020).…”

Section: Will Work As Hard For Those Who Didn't Vote Me and Who Didsupporting

confidence: 86%

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Interpersonal Function of Joe Biden’s Victory Speech (Systemic Functional Linguistics View)

Darong¹

2021

JERE

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Text analysis was mainly concerned with the ideational function and textual function. Besides, macro aspect has been regarded as the most text structure examined in previous studies. Regardless of those three aspects, this study focused on the interpersonal function analysis of political speech text, by taking an example of Joe Biden’s victory speech. The purposed theory namely Systemic Functional Linguistics theory (SFL) was then applied to analyze the text. The analysis was conducted by modifying the speech text into clauses which were subsequently analyzed in accordance with the goal of the analysis. Data analysis revealed that the speech established an intimate relationship and a close distance with the audience. As such, the speaker enables to gain support and exchange information through the use of linguistics resources namely declarative clause in the mood structure, modality, and pronoun "we". As a conclusion, different use of mood, modality, and personal pronouns might determine the different level of interpersonal function of a text. This study has a great impact on language teaching and learning in terms of maintaining social relationships and exchanging meanings between teachers and students by taking into account the link between linguistic resources and the nature of texts.

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Section: Will Work As Hard For Those Who Didn't Vote Me and Who Didsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Differently, other studies emphasized the linguistics, cognitive and psychological aspect of the speaker (Navarro, Macnamara, Glucksberg, & Andrew, 2020;J. Wang, 2010;W.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Interpersonal Function of Joe Biden’s Victory Speech (Systemic Functional Linguistics View)

Darong¹

2021

JERE

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“…Consistent with this functional argument, empirical evidence demonstrates that an active working memory load, which diminishes the availability of these resources, impacts social–cognitive reasoning that calls upon cognitive empathy (McKinnon & Moscovitch, 2007) and also impacts perspective taking (Navarro et al, 2020). In healthy adults, working memory capacity is associated with the extent to which a person reliably engages in perspective taking (Wardlow, 2013).…”

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confidence: 86%

Subjective assessments of cognition and affect and their relationship with objective performance: Individuals with high levels of cognitive failures or negative affect miss more rare visual targets.

Goodhew¹,

Edwards²

2023

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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The detection of particular targets is critical in applied contexts, such as identifying cancers in diagnostic medical imaging and finding weapons in airport baggage security screening. Missed targets can have dire consequences in such contexts. These contexts are also typically characterized by low prevalence or rare targets such that most searched-through images do not contain targets. A substantive body of evidence demonstrates that humans are much more likely to miss targets when they are rare. Therefore, it is critical to understand the factors that may mitigate or exacerbate this general tendency to miss rare targets. The present study considered the relative role of individual differences in cognitive failures, cognitive empathy, and negative affect (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress) in predicting the detection of rare targets. Across two experiments, there was evidence that individuals experiencing elevated cognitive failures were more likely to miss the rare targets. In Experiment 1, negative affect was also related to performance, but it was only cognitive failures that made a unique contribution to explaining target-present accuracy when they were pitted against one another. There was no evidence that cognitive empathy was linked to performance. These findings have important theoretical implications and also highlight potential avenues for intervention to improve the detection of rare targets.

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“…A large amount of research originally focused on studying children's development of ToM, specifically related to the age at which children developed this skill (see Wellman Cross and Watson, 2001 for a meta-analysis), and presumed that adults' ToM was largely a fully-fledged skill (Keysar, Lin, & Barr, 2003). However, research soon showed that adults also fail to use their ToM in some circumstances, such as when their perspectives differ from the other person's perspective (e.g., Apperly, Back, Samson, and France, 2008;Dumontheil, Apperly, & Blakemore, 2010;Keysar, Lin, & Barr, 2003;Rubio-Fernandez & Glucksberg, 2012) or when a person has privileged information (e.g., Epley et al, 2004, Mitchell, Robinson, Isaacs, & Nye, 1996, Navarro & Conway, 2020, suggesting that even if adults' ToM is more advanced than children's ToM, there are still individual differences in the extent to which adults can use ToM effectively. In addition, research has shown that different specific regions within the so-called ToM network (including the medial prefrontal cortex, and the left and right temporoparietal junction; Gallagher & Frith, 2003;Saxe, Carey, & Kanwisher, 2004) are utilized at different developmental stages, reflecting changes in the way ToM is used across the lifespan (Bowman & Wellman, 2014).…”

Section: The Cognitive and Neural Underpinnings Of Theory Of Mindmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Theory of Mind and Intelligence: A Formative g Approach

Navarro¹,

Goring²,

Conway³

2020

Preprint

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Theory of Mind (ToM) is the ability to understand that other people’s mental states may be different from one’s own. Psychometric models have showed that individual differences in ToM can largely be attributed to general intelligence (g) (Coyle et al., 2018). Most psychometric models specify g as a reflective latent variable, which is interpreted as a general ability that plays a causal role in a broad range of cognitive tasks, including ToM tasks. However, an alternative approach is to specify g as a formative latent variable, that is, an overall index of cognitive ability that does not represent a psychological attribute (Kovacs & Conway, 2016). Here we consider a formative g approach to the relationship between ToM and intelligence. First, we conducted SEM with reflective g to test the hypothesis that ToM is largely accounted for by a general ability. Next, we conducted SEM with formative g to determine whether the relationship between ToM and intelligence is more influenced by language ability (Study 1). Finally, we conducted a psychometric network analysis to examine associations among ToM and intelligence measures (Study 2). Results suggest that the relationship between ToM and intelligence is largely due to language-based factors, not a general ability.

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What Influences Successful Communication? An Examination of Cognitive Load and Individual Differences

Cited by 10 publications

References 44 publications

Interpersonal Function of Joe Biden’s Victory Speech (Systemic Functional Linguistics View)

Interpersonal Function of Joe Biden’s Victory Speech (Systemic Functional Linguistics View)

Subjective assessments of cognition and affect and their relationship with objective performance: Individuals with high levels of cognitive failures or negative affect miss more rare visual targets.

The Relationship between Theory of Mind and Intelligence: A Formative g Approach

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