What is a Cognitive Process Model? A Disambiguation

Jarecki, Jana; Tan, Jolene H.; Jenny, Mirjam A.

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2544831

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Without a theory about this it is difficult to make predictions beyond the examples in Loewenstein’s paper. An important step would be to extend Loewenstein’s ideas with a process model account (Jarecki, Tan, & Jenny, 2015). One promising process model, which Loewenstein also points to (Loewenstein, 2010), is the evolutionary theory of emotions by Cosmides and Tooby (2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis of blood glucose effects on human decision making.

Orquin

Kurzban

2016

Psychological Bulletin

122

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The academic and public interest in blood glucose and its relationship to decision making has been increasing over the last decade. To investigate and evaluate competing theories about this relationship, we conducted a psychometric meta-analysis on the effect of blood glucose on decision making. We identified 42 studies relating to 4 dimensions of decision making: willingness to pay, willingness to work, time discounting, and decision style. We did not find a uniform influence of blood glucose on decision making. Instead, we found that low levels of blood glucose increase the willingness to pay and willingness to work when a situation is food related, but decrease willingness to pay and work in all other situations. Low levels of blood glucose increase the future discount rate for food; that is, decision makers become more impatient, and to a lesser extent increase the future discount rate for money. Low levels of blood glucose also increase the tendency to make more intuitive rather than deliberate decisions. However, this effect was only observed in situations unrelated to food. We conclude that blood glucose has domain-specific effects, influencing decision making differently depending on the relevance of the situation to acquiring food. (PsycINFO Database Record

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis of blood glucose effects on human decision making.

Orquin

Kurzban

2016

Psychological Bulletin

122

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“…The information integration processes considered here are based on the Tally, lexicographic and one-reason-decision principles as studied in decision making (e.g., Gigerenzer & Goldstein, 1999). Importantly, the algorithms compared here make testable predictions for process variables and choice variables (i.e., they can be regarded process models, Jarecki, Tan, & Jenny, 2016). Common models of risky choice, like prospect theory (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979; Tversky & Kahneman, 1992), by contrast, do not readily provide process predictions.…”

Section: Evolved Information Integration Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Into the black box: Tracing information about risks related to 10 evolutionary problems.

Jarecki

Wilke

2018

Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences

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Human behavioral risk-seeking tendencies differ across content domains. How can such behavioral differences be reliably produced by the cognitive system? This article presents an explorative analysis of the reasons for and cognitive mechanisms underlying different risk propensities across 10 evolutionary domains. We investigate three cognitive process models: Tally, Take The First, and Most Relevant. Tally assumes decision-makers use majority rules. Take The First assumes decision makers rely on the first piece of information that comes to mind. Most Relevant assumes decision makers rely on information that is important in their environment. A survey with a total of N ϭ 120 individuals in the United States gathered 1,598 self-reported memory-based attributes of risky situations in 10 evolutionary content domains. The explorative analysis of the cognitive processes underlying the domain differences suggest that the Most Relevant strategy is most closely related to the shifts in risk seeking across content domains, and that Take The First is also related, but the Tally process is not related to domain differences in risk propensities. This means that a cognitive process that relies on the first or frequent pieces of information from the environment may be underlying domain differences in risk taking.

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“…Other steps in developing the DISC‐LM include (a) to test the predictions that it provides about the development of the learners’ beliefs about the structure of the task (Fig. ), and (b) to translate the assumption of class‐conditional independence into specific process model predictions, by tweaking the model such that it predicts a second, independent data dimension such as reaction times or electroencephalogram data or gaze pattern (Jarecki, Tan, & Jenny, ), in addition to choice predictions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4), and (b) to translate the assumption of class-conditional independence into specific process model predictions, by tweaking the model such that it predicts a second, independent data dimension such as reaction times or electroencephalogram data or gaze pattern (Jarecki, Tan, & Jenny, 2016), in addition to choice predictions.…”

Section: Issues For Future Empirical Research and Development Of The mentioning

confidence: 99%

Naïve and Robust: Class‐Conditional Independence in Human Classification Learning

2017

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Humans excel in categorization. Yet from a computational standpoint, learning a novel probabilistic classification task involves severe computational challenges. The present paper investigates one way to address these challenges: assuming class-conditional independence of features. This feature independence assumption simplifies the inference problem, allows for informed inferences about novel feature combinations, and performs robustly across different statistical environments. We designed a new Bayesian classification learning model (the dependence-independence structure and category learning model, DISC-LM) that incorporates varying degrees of prior belief in class-conditional independence, learns whether or not independence holds, and adapts its behavior accordingly. Theoretical results from two simulation studies demonstrate that classification behavior can appear to start simple, yet adapt effectively to unexpected task structures. Two experiments-designed using optimal experimental design principles-were conducted with human learners. Classification decisions of the majority of participants were best accounted for by a version of the model with very high initial prior belief in class-conditional independence, before adapting to the true environmental structure. Class-conditional independence may be a strong and useful default assumption in category learning tasks.

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What is a Cognitive Process Model? A Disambiguation

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

A meta-analysis of blood glucose effects on human decision making.

A meta-analysis of blood glucose effects on human decision making.

Into the black box: Tracing information about risks related to 10 evolutionary problems.

Naïve and Robust: Class‐Conditional Independence in Human Classification Learning

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