2004
DOI: 10.1097/00001610-200411000-00002
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What Is Known About Methods of Correctly Placing Gastric Tubes in Adults and Children

Abstract: An abdominal radiograph is considered the "gold standard" for determining the position of flexible small-bore nasogastric/orogastric tubes. However, placement must be checked frequently while a tube is in place, and the summative radiation risk of multiple radiographs, as well as their expense, make the development of adequate bedside placement-locating methods imperative. Several methods of detecting tube placement have been investigated in adults, including: aspirating gastric contents and measuring the pH, … Show more

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Cited by 75 publications
(69 citation statements)
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References 48 publications
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“…[91][92][93] When a feeding tube intended to be positioned in the stomach is inadvertently positioned past the pylorus and the child is fed complex formulas requiring gastric enzymes for complete digestion, malabsorption can occur, leading to inadequate weight gain, diarrhea, and dumping syndrome. 94,95 Reported complications of malpositioned feeding tubes in infants and children include pneumothorax, 96 hydropneumothorax, 97 esophageal perforation, 98,99 urinary bladder perforation, 99 and death. 100,101 Ensuring safe and effective feeding via nasogastric tubes requires the nurse to initially insert the tube to the correct place and periodically confirm that the tube remains in the intended location.…”
Section: Interventionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…[91][92][93] When a feeding tube intended to be positioned in the stomach is inadvertently positioned past the pylorus and the child is fed complex formulas requiring gastric enzymes for complete digestion, malabsorption can occur, leading to inadequate weight gain, diarrhea, and dumping syndrome. 94,95 Reported complications of malpositioned feeding tubes in infants and children include pneumothorax, 96 hydropneumothorax, 97 esophageal perforation, 98,99 urinary bladder perforation, 99 and death. 100,101 Ensuring safe and effective feeding via nasogastric tubes requires the nurse to initially insert the tube to the correct place and periodically confirm that the tube remains in the intended location.…”
Section: Interventionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…85,95 Tube location must be routinely confirmed after placement to determine if the tip has migrated out of position. Routine use of radiographic confirmation is not practical because of concerns about radiation exposure and cost, so nurses must rely on methods that can be used at the bedside.…”
Section: Implications For Practice: Predicting Insertion Lengthmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The incidence of improper tube position during placement is reported to be as high as 20 -43.5% in pediatric patients. [1][2][3] Methods to confirm proper tube placement include suctioning fluid from the tube and checking the fluid for gastric pH, auscultation over the stomach while air is injected into the tube, capnometry, and radiograph. [4][5][6][7] A new mode of mechanical ventilation, neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA, available only on the Servo-i ventilator, Maquet Critical Care, Solna, Sweden) requires a proprietary-design catheter (Maquet Critical Care, Solna, Sweden) embedded with 9 electrodes that detect the electrical activity of the diaphragm (EA di ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Estima-se que aproximadamente 1 milhão de sondas nasogástricas (NG) e nasoenterais (NE) são instaladas anualmente em adultos e crianças nos Estados Unidos (1) . No Brasil não se dispõe de tais dados, mas acredita-se que este procedimento seja comum na maior parte das instituições prestadoras de serviços de assistência à saúde.…”
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