What Is Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Smith, Melanie H.; Berman, Jessica

doi:10.1001/jama.2022.0786

Cited by 119 publications

(61 citation statements)

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“…The first symptom of JRA is joint pain, especially in the hands and feet, followed by morning stiffness that lasts for a few minutes. RA-affected joints become swollen and difficult to move as the disease progresses [4]. Pain and swelling are frequently intermittent, with periods of increased inflammation (flares) followed by periods of relative improvement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of Early Physical Therapy Rehabilitation in Patient With Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

Meghe¹,

Chitale²,

Phansopkar³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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A diverse group of idiopathic inflammatory arthritis that affects children under the age of 16 and lasts six weeks or longer is known as juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) or juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). It causes joint pain and morning stiffness, and the affected joints swell and become difficult to move. During flares, patients may experience flu-like symptoms such as muscle aches and fatigue. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are the mainstay of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment. If necessary, immunosuppressive medications can be administered in stages. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are pain relievers for joints. Physical therapy treatment aims to reduce pain, improve joint range, correct movement patterns, strengthen weak structures, improve cardiovascular endurance, and improve patients' quality of life. We present a case of a 12-year-old boy who presented to the hospital with knee pain and an inability to walk without assistance after falling on the ground one month prior. Medical history revealed that the patient had juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, which was confirmed on investigations. The consultant physician referred the patient for pre-rehabilitation physiotherapy before corrective surgery.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pain and swelling are frequently intermittent, with periods of increased inflammation (flares) followed by periods of relative improvement. Patients may also experience flu-like symptoms such as muscle aches and fatigue during flares [4]. The primary stay of RA treatment is disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Early Physical Therapy Rehabilitation in Patient With Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

Meghe¹,

Chitale²,

Phansopkar³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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“…RA primarily causes pain, swelling, stiffness and functional limitation of the joints but also extra-articular manifestations of other organs, including the lungs, heart, blood vessels, skin, and eyes ( Smolen et al, 2016 ). People of all ages could be affected by RA, and the high-risk population ranges from 50 to 59 years old ( Smith and Berman, 2022 ). RA may lead to permanent damage and disability of the joints, and it is a severe public health problem globally and carries an unbearable burden of disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2017, RA accounted for 3.4 million (95% uncertainty interval (UI), 2.6–4.4) disability adjusted life years (DALYs) at the global level, with an age-standardized rate of 43.3 (95% UI 33.0–54.5) DALYs per 1,00,000 populations ( Safiri et al, 2019 ). RA is regarded as one of the fifty typical diseases that cause disability globally, and the incidence in women is two to three times that in men ( Espinoza et al, 2021 ; Smith and Berman, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consistency of recommendations for pharmacotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis

Han²,

Ma³

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory arthropathy. Recommendations for RA, specifically on pharmacotherapy, are essential in clinical practice. However, the direction and strength of recommendations are controversial across current clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) of RA.Objective: To systematically analyze the consistency of recommendations regarding pharmacotherapy of RA across CPGs.Methods: 11 electronic databases and websites were comprehensively searched from inception to 14 March 2022, to identify CPGs for diagnosis, therapy, and management of RA. Unambiguous and discrete specifications of the population-intervention-comparison (PIC) framework were used to classify the recommendations. Based on the PIC framework, consistency analyses across CPGs on pharmacotherapy of RA were performed. Two researchers reached a consensus on coding the direction and strength of each recommendation.Results: Finally, 26 CPGs were included in this study, and 14 of them, which included pharmacotherapy, were performed consistency analysis. 1) 64 recommendations from 14 CPGs were classified into 18 PICs. 2) Seven PICs (38%) were consistent in direction and strength, 10 PICs (56%) were consistent in direction but inconsistent in strength, and one PIC (6%) was inconsistent in direction (hydroxychloroquine, HCQ). 3) Sensitivity analysis tested the robustness, and the inconsistency remained high.Conclusion: The direction was highly consistent among the recommendations of pharmacotherapy for RA, but the strength was highly inconsistent. Reasons for the inconsistency need to be further investigated, and consistent recommendations could guide the pharmacotherapy of RA in clinical practice.

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“…Around one in two hundred persons worldwide suffer from RA, which affects women two to three times more when compared to men. Although it can affect anyone at any age, the peak onset is between the ages of 50 and 59 [2]. RA patients have an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease occurring due to the inflammatory nature of the disease leading to higher morbidity and mortality rates [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review

Farhat¹,

Irfan²,

Muthiah³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune condition in which the body's joints are attacked by the immune system, leaving the patient disabled in severe cases, with irreversible joint damage and a lower quality of life. RA patients are more likely to develop cardiovascular (CV) disease, which increases their risk of morbidity and mortality. This study systematically reviews various CV diseases that might occur with RA including heart failure (HF), coronary artery disease, acute coronary syndrome, ischemic heart disease, stroke, cardiac death, venous thromboembolism, and valvular diseases. The relation between these complications and RA is specifically assessed. Systematic search was carried out on literature reporting the risk of each of the CV diseases in RA patients from databases in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The databases searched were MEDLINE (through PubMed) and Google Scholar using a combination of keywords and medical subject headings (MeSH). Our keywords were mainly "cardiovascular diseases" and "arthritis and rheumatoid". We found a total of 33 articles reporting each CV comorbidity. Interestingly, a wide spectrum of CV diseases is reported in patients with RA. Many tools were implemented in the diagnosis of each disease such as carotid intima-media thickness for atherosclerosis and echocardiography for HF. We confirmed that RA is associated with an increased risk of different CV events, and prophylactic measures should be implemented.

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What Is Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease which a person's immune system attacks the lining of joints throughout the body.

Cited by 119 publications

References 0 publications

Effectiveness of Early Physical Therapy Rehabilitation in Patient With Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

Effectiveness of Early Physical Therapy Rehabilitation in Patient With Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

Consistency of recommendations for pharmacotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis

Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review

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