What is the potential impact of the IsoDAR cyclotron on radioisotope production: a review

Waites, Loyd; Alonso, J.; Barlow, R. J.; Conrad, J. M.

doi:10.1186/s41181-020-0090-3

Cited by 11 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Although there are many advantages, PET also has disadvantages. Most of the nuclides used in PET are produced by cyclotrons, and the equipment cost is high ( 17 ). Therefore, the application of PET is limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

68Ga-Labeled GX1 Dimer: A Novel Probe for PET/Cerenkov Imaging Targeting Gastric Cancer

Yin

Xin²,

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Oncol.

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PurposeTo synthesize the dimer of GX1 and identify whether its affinity and targeting are better than those of GX1. To prepare 68Ga-DOTA-KEK-(GX1)2 and to apply it to PET and Cerenkov imaging of gastric cancer.Methods68Ga-DOTA-KEK-(GX1)2 was prepared, and the labeling yield and stability were determined. Its specificity and affinity were verified using an in vitro cell binding assay and competitive inhibition test, cell immunofluorescence, and cell uptake and efflux study. Its tumor-targeting ability was determined by nano PET/CT and Cerenkov imaging, standardized uptake value (SUV), signal-to-background ratio (SBR) quantification, and a biodistribution study in tumor-bearing nude mice.Results68Ga-DOTA-KEK-(GX1)2 was successfully prepared, and the labeling yield was more than 97%. It existed stably for 90 min in serum. The binding of 68Ga-DOTA-KEK-(GX1)2 to cocultured HUVECs (Co-HUVECs) was higher than that to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), BGC823 cells, and GES cells. It was also higher than that of 68Ga-DOTA-GX1, indicating that the dimer did improve the specificity and affinity of GX1. The binding of KEK-(GX1)2 to Co-HUVECs was significantly higher than that of GX1. Additionally, the uptake of 68Ga-DOTA-KEK-(GX1)2 by Co-HUVECs was higher than that of 68Ga-DOTA-GX1 and reached a maximum at 60 min. Nano PET/CT and Cerenkov imaging showed that the tumor imaging of the nude mice injected with 68Ga-DOTA-KEK-(GX1)2 was clear, and the SUV and SBR value of the tumor sites were significantly higher than those of the nude mice injected with 68Ga-DOTA-GX1, indicating that the probe had better targeting in vivo. Finally, the biodistribution showed quantitatively that when organs such as the kidney and liver metabolized rapidly, the radioactivity of the tumor site of the nude mice injected with 68Ga-DOTA-KEK-(GX1)2 decreased relatively slowly. At the same time, the percentage of injected dose per gram (%ID/g) of the tumor site was higher than that of other normal organs except the liver and kidney at 60 min, which indicated that the tumor had good absorption of the probe.ConclusionGX1 was modified successfully, and the in vivo and in vitro properties of the GX1 dimer were significantly better than those of GX1. The imaging probe, 68Ga-DOTA-KEK-(GX1)2, was successfully prepared, which provides a candidate probe for PET and Cerenkov diagnosis of gastric cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

68Ga-Labeled GX1 Dimer: A Novel Probe for PET/Cerenkov Imaging Targeting Gastric Cancer

Yin

Xin²,

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Oncol.

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“…Current limits for these isotope accelerators are about 1 mA to 2 mA. These limits are driven by beam loss in the central region (at injection energies of a few 10's of keV), and by extraction stripper foil lifetimes due to heating from convoy electrons generated in the stripping of the H − ions accelerated [17]. As discussed in section 2.1, our technical innovations are expected to allow reaching the 10 mA beam current requirement in a compact cyclotron.…”

Section: Requirements and Accelerator Technology Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

IsoDAR@Yemilab: A Report on the Technology, Capabilities, and Deployment

Alonso¹,

Winklehner²,

Spitz³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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rest experiment that has preliminary approval to run at the Yemi underground laboratory (Yemilab) in Jeongseon-gun, South Korea. In this technical report, we describe in detail the considerations for installing this compact particle accelerator and neutrino target system at the Yemilab underground facility. Specifically, we describe the caverns being prepared for IsoDAR, and address installation, shielding, and utilities requirements. To give context and for completeness, we also briefly describe the physics opportunities of the IsoDAR neutrino source when paired with the Liquid Scintillator Counter (LSC) at Yemilab, and review the technical design of the neutrino source.

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“…Isotopes [4][5][6] medicine 1 − 10 mA 3-70 MeV 10 mA/60 MeV could produce more than 250 Ge/Ga generators per week [5].…”

Section: Application Field Current Energy Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The energy of the IsoDAR cyclotron is similar to cyclotrons proposed for medical isotope production [4], but with an order of magnitude higher beam intensity. In particular a modestly-converted IsoDAR cyclotron can produce much-needed isotopes ( 225 Ac and Ge/Ga generators) for medical treatment and imaging, as described in two recent publications [5,6]. 68 Ge is the parent of the PET imaging isotope 68 Ga. 68 Ge has a 270 day halflife, making it ideal for storage and delivery, with the 68 Ga extracted at the hospital.…”

Section: Application Field Current Energy Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper describes the design and simulations of a 10 mA, 60 MeV/amu compact cyclotron that can be mass-manufactured. Such a machine would have a transformative effect on multiple fields of fundamental and applied science, including neutrino physics, through the IsoDAR project [1][2][3]; isotope production for medicine and other uses [4][5][6]; materials testing for high radiation environments [7][8][9][10][11]; and as a pre-accelerator for a 10 mA, 800 MeV to 1 GeV cyclotron that can be used for Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS) [12][13][14][15] and particle physics (e.g. the DAEδALUS experiment [16][17][18][19][20]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Order-of-Magnitude Beam Current Improvement in Compact Cyclotrons

Winklehner,

Adelmann,

Conrad

et al. 2021

Preprint

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There is great need for high intensity proton beams from compact particle accelerators in particle physics, medical isotope production, and materials-and energy-research. To this end, the DAEδALUS/IsoDAR collaboration is developing a compact isochronous cyclotron that will be able to deliver 10 mA of protons-an order of magnitude higher than on-market compact cyclotrons and a factor four higher than research machines. For the first time, vortex motion is incorporated in the design of a cyclotron, which is key to reaching high extracted beam current. We present highfidelity simulations of the acceleration of a 5 mA H + 2 beam (equivalent to 10 mA of protons) in this cyclotron, using the particle-in-cell code OPAL, demonstrating the feasibility of constructing this machine. The simulations are based on the latest cyclotron design and through them, we show that sufficient turn separation between the (N − 1) th and N th turn can be achieved even with initially mismatched beams by careful placement of collimators to scrape away halo particles before the beam energy has reached 1.5 MeV/amu. We describe in detail the process for placement of electrostatic extraction channels. Beam losses on the septa of these channels stay below 50 W with beam quality sufficient for transport to the target. Furthermore, we present an uncertainty quantification of select beam input parameters using machine learning, showing the robustness of the design.

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What is the potential impact of the IsoDAR cyclotron on radioisotope production: a review

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

68Ga-Labeled GX1 Dimer: A Novel Probe for PET/Cerenkov Imaging Targeting Gastric Cancer

68Ga-Labeled GX1 Dimer: A Novel Probe for PET/Cerenkov Imaging Targeting Gastric Cancer

IsoDAR@Yemilab: A Report on the Technology, Capabilities, and Deployment

Order-of-Magnitude Beam Current Improvement in Compact Cyclotrons

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