What is your diagnosis? Cerebrospinal fluid from a dog

Stowe, Devorah M.; Escobar, Carolina; Neel, Jennifer A.

doi:10.1111/j.1939-165x.2012.00435.x

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Cerebrospinal fluid analysis of the 2 dogs in the present report revealed a pleocytosis with increased protein concentration, which is consistent with all previous reports. Reported TNCCs in the literature vary from 96 to 3067 cells/μL . Cell morphology, marked pleomorphism and criteria of malignancy were similar to those previously described, although granulomatous inflammation could not be completely ruled out.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

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Diffuse leptomeningeal histiocytic sarcoma in the cerebrospinal fluid of 2 dogs

Cluzel

Aboulmali

Dugas

et al. 2016

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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Two adult male castrated dogs were evaluated for progressive paraparesis and ataxia. Neurologic examination showed severe ataxia, delayed proprioceptive placement in the pelvic limbs, pain upon palpation of the lumbar spine as well as facial paresis in one dog, and decreased withdrawal reflex of the pelvic limbs in the other dog. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in both dogs showed diffuse meningeal and intramedullary lesions. However, no evidence of a mass was found. Biopsies could not be performed safely due to the location of the lesions. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination revealed an inflammatory pleocytosis associated with increased protein concentration and numerous large atypical round cells, often multinucleated. Nuclear fragmentation, micronuclei, and rare atypical mitoses were observed. Immunocytochemistry revealed CD1(+) and CD11c(+) staining, which, in concert with the morphology confirmed the diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma (HS). Euthanasia was elected due to poor prognosis. Histopathologic examination showed diffuse spinal and meningeal infiltration with CD18(+) neoplastic cells, without any evidence of mass formation, which completed the diagnosis of diffuse leptomeningeal HS involving the brain and the spinal cord. Canine central nervous system (CNS) HS has been seldom reported in the literature, with only isolated cases identified on CSF cytology. The cases reported here are remarkable in describing a diffuse CNS leptomeningeal HS associated with neoplastic cells in the CSF of dogs without a tumor mass. These cases emphasize the potential critical importance of CSF analysis in providing an antemortem diagnosis of neoplasia in neurologic patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…To our knowledge, there are few reports of ante‐mortem diagnosis of primary CNS HS based on CSF analysis. Exfoliation of atypical cells in CSF of dogs with primary CNS HS has been described previously, but is not always detected . In a recent case series, neoplastic cells were not noted in any CSF cytology .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Diffuse leptomeningeal histiocytic sarcoma in the cerebrospinal fluid of 2 dogs

Cluzel

Aboulmali

Dugas

et al. 2016

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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“…An inflammatory response was considered likely to account for this pleocytosis in most of our cases as overtly neoplastic cells were not identified in this case series. Several previous reports have described neoplastic histiocytes on CSF evaluation, often with the aid of immunocytochemistry 8, 9, 11, 20, 22. The neoplastic histiocytes might be driving an inflammatory response, reflected in the CSF evaluation, perhaps through the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several previous reports have described neoplastic histiocytes on CSF evaluation, often with the aid of immunocytochemistry. 8,9,11,20,22 The neoplastic histiocytes might be driving an inflammatory response, reflected in the CSF evaluation, perhaps through the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. It is also possible that a proportion of the mononuclear cells within the CSF in many cases represent an unrecognized neoplastic cell population and additional studies investigating this hypothesis might be warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histiocytic Sarcoma with Central Nervous System Involvement in Dogs: 19 Cases (2006–2012)

Mariani

Jennings

Olby

et al. 2015

Veterinary Internal Medicne

100

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BackgroundReports of histiocytic sarcoma (HS) involving the central nervous system (CNS) are sparse and consist mainly of case reports describing 1–3 animals.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to report the signalments, clinical signs, clinicopathologic and diagnostic imaging findings, treatment, and outcome of a series of dogs with HS and CNS involvement.AnimalsNineteen dogs with HS examined at veterinary referral hospitals.MethodsRetrospective case series. Medical records were reviewed and cases with a histopathological diagnosis of CNS HS were included in the study. Diagnostic imaging studies of the CNS were evaluated and histopathologic samples were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis.ResultsRetrievers and Pembroke Welsh Corgis were overrepresented in this cohort of dogs. Tumors involved the brain in 14 dogs and the spinal cord in 5. In 4 dogs, HS was part of a disseminated, multiorgan process whereas it appeared confined to the CNS in 15 dogs. Diagnostic imaging had variable appearances although extraaxial masses predominated in the brain. There was meningeal enhancement in all dogs that was often profound and remote from the primary mass lesion. Pleocytosis was present in all dogs with CSF evaluation. Median survival was 3 days.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceBreed predispositions appear to vary from reports of HS in other organ systems. Some unique imaging and clinicopathologic characteristics, particularly brain herniation, profound meningeal enhancement, and pleocytosis in combination with 1 or more mass lesions, might help to differentiate this neoplasm from others involving the CNS, although this requires further study.

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“…14-29 to 14-32) (Seo et al, 2011). Other round cell tumors (Greenberg et al, 2004;Sheppard et al, 1997;Stowe et al, 2012;Tzipory et al, 2009) are less common and include encephalic and spinal plasma cell tumors (Fig. 14-31A&B).…”

Section: Neural Cystic and Neoplastic Lesion Findings In Cerebrospinamentioning

confidence: 99%