What Lies Beneath? Minority Group Members’ Suspicion of Whites’ Egalitarian Motivation Predicts Responses to Whites’ Smiles

Kunstman, Jonathan W.; Tuscherer, Taylor; Trawalter, Sophie; Lloyd, E. Paige

doi:10.1177/0146167216652860

Cited by 54 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Scores on the SOMI are positively but modestly correlated with expectations of being rejected or stereotyped on the basis of ethnicity and with perceptions of discrimination against ingroup members (Major et al, 2013). Ethnic minorities who score high (vs. low) on SOMI are more accurate at differentiating White people’s real (i.e., Duchenne) vs fake (non-Duchenne) smiles (Kunstman, Tuscherer, & Trawalter, 2015) and more accurate at detecting White’s actual external motivation to respond without prejudice (LaCosse, Tuscherer, Kunstman, Plant, Trawalter, & Major, 2015). In addition, they respond more negatively when minority targets (but not White targets) are the recipients of attributionally ambiguous positive treatment by Whites (Major et al, 2013).…”

Section: Within Group Differences In Suspicionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suspicion of motives predicts minorities' responses to positive feedback in interracial interactions

Major

Kunstman

Malta

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

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Strong social and legal norms in the United States discourage the overt expression of bias against ethnic and racial minorities, increasing the attributional ambiguity of Whites’ positive behavior to ethnic minorities. Minorities who suspect that Whites’ positive overtures toward minorities are motivated more by their fear of appearing racist than by egalitarian attitudes may regard positive feedback they receive from Whites as disingenuous. This may lead them to react to such feedback with feelings of uncertainty and threat. Three studies examined how suspicion of motives relates to ethnic minorities’ responses to receiving positive feedback from a White peer or same-ethnicity peer (Experiment 1), to receiving feedback from a White peer that was positive or negative (Experiment 2), and to receiving positive feedback from a White peer who did or did not know their ethnicity (Experiment 3). As predicted, the more suspicious Latinas were of Whites’ motives for behaving positively toward minorities in general, the more they regarded positive feedback from a White peer who knew their ethnicity as disingenuous and the more they reacted with cardiovascular reactivity characteristic of threat/avoidance, increased feelings of stress, heightened uncertainty, and decreased self-esteem. We discuss the implications for intergroup interactions of perceptions of Whites’ motives for nonprejudiced behavior.

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Section: Within Group Differences In Suspicionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suspicion of motives predicts minorities' responses to positive feedback in interracial interactions

Major

Kunstman

Malta

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

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“…Indeed, more formal models of social perception have begun describing how stereotypic expectations of others based on social identities (e.g., race) and social roles (e.g., being a police officer) influence social perception at many levels (Freeman & Ambady, 2011;Hehman, Stolier, Freeman, Flake, & Xie, 2019;Hehman, Sutherland, Flake, & Slepian, 2017;Lloyd et al, 2020;Stolier, Hehman, & Freeman, 2018; 2020). These expectations shape how we interpret both inherent and momentary aspects of facial appearance (Collova, Sutherland, & Rhodes, 2019;Kunstman, Tuscherer, Trawalter, & Lloyd, 2016;Lloyd, Hugenberg, McConnell, Kunstman, & Deska, 2017a;Lloyd, Kunstman, Tuscherer, & Bernstein, 2017b;Sutherland, Rhodes, Burton, & Young, 2019). Together, these studies strongly support a link between people's intuitions about powerful appearance and individual differences in powerrelevant experiences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Conceptual development and change precede adults’ judgments about powerful appearance

Terrizzi¹

2020

Preprint

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Objective: Adults’ mental representations of the physical appearance of people that are “strong” and people that are “in charge” are remarkably similar. Some have explained this feature of adults’ thinking by positing innate mental representations. However, specific details about the nature and structure of these representations and an appropriate empirical foundation for these claims has been lacking. In this review, my objective is to provide a high-level summary of recent research exploring infants’ and young children’s intuitions about the physical manifestations of power. I argue that the social responses and judgments of young participants are more informative about the existence and nature of putatively innate mental content.Methods: Narrative review of developmental studies. Results: Preverbal infants exhibit a remarkably early sensitivity to the relative power of two agents. By the time that people enter childhood, they exhibit increasingly adult-like intuitions about powerful appearance. Additionally, there are significant revisions in the appearance-to-power correspondences that people detect between childhood and adulthood.Conclusions: These complex developmental patterns are inconsistent with the idea that adults’ intuitions about the physical manifestations of power are straightforward outputs of an innate psychology. Rather, despite an early-emerging sensitivity to appearance-based cues to power, significant conceptual development and change precede adults’ judgments about powerful appearance.

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“…Indeed, more formal models of social perception have begun describing how stereotypic expectations of others based on social identities (e.g., race) and social roles (e.g., being a police officer) influence social perception at many levels (Freeman and Ambady 2011;Hehman et al 2017Hehman et al , 2019Lloyd et al 2020;Stolier et al 2018Stolier et al , 2020. These expectations shape how we interpret both inherent and momentary aspects of facial appearance (Collova et al 2019;Kunstman et al 2016;Lloyd et al 2017a, b;Sutherland et al 2019). Together, these studies strongly support a link between people's intuitions about powerful appearance and individual differences in power-relevant experiences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual Development and Change Precede Adults’ Judgments About Powerful Appearance

Terrizzi

2020

Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology

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Objective Adults' mental representations of the physical appearance of people that are "strong" and people that are "in charge" are remarkably similar. Some have explained this feature of adults' thinking by positing innate mental representations. However, specific details about the nature and structure of these representations, and an appropriate empirical foundation for these claims has been lacking. In this review, my objective is to provide a high-level summary of recent research exploring infants' and young children's intuitions about the physical manifestations of power. I argue that the social responses and judgments of these young participants are more informative about the existence and nature of putatively innate mental content. Methods Narrative review of developmental studies. Results Preverbal infants exhibit a remarkably early sensitivity to the relative power of two agents. By early childhood, children exhibit increasingly adultlike intuitions about powerful appearance. However, there are significant revisions in the appearance-to-power correspondences that people detect between childhood and adulthood. Conclusions These complex developmental patterns are inconsistent with the idea that adults' intuitions about the physical manifestations of power are straightforward outputs of an innate psychology. Rather, despite an early-emerging sensitivity to appearance-based cues to power, significant conceptual development and change precede adults' judgments about powerful appearance.

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What Lies Beneath? Minority Group Members’ Suspicion of Whites’ Egalitarian Motivation Predicts Responses to Whites’ Smiles

Cited by 54 publications

References 41 publications

Suspicion of motives predicts minorities' responses to positive feedback in interracial interactions

Suspicion of motives predicts minorities' responses to positive feedback in interracial interactions

Conceptual development and change precede adults’ judgments about powerful appearance

Conceptual Development and Change Precede Adults’ Judgments About Powerful Appearance

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